{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T11:58:20Z","timestamp":1787313500235,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]],"date-time":"2025-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758585600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001412","name":"Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, India","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001412","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001501","name":"University Grants Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001501","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["IJID Regions"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2025.100773","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,18]],"date-time":"2025-10-18T22:42:23Z","timestamp":1760827343000},"page":"100773","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Two decades of filariasis in India: Insights into prevalence, diagnostic challenges, and strategies for elimination by 2027"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Nandini","family":"Singh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Loick Pradel Kojom","family":"Foko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jyoti","family":"Chhibber-Goel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4654-5463","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amit","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2025.100773_bib0001","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Lymphatic filariasis, https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/lymphatic-filariasis; 2024. [accessed 30 June, 2025]."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2025.100773_bib0002","article-title":"Detection of Wuchereria bancrofti infection in mosquitoes in areas co-endemic with Brugia malayi in Balasore district","volume":"14","author":"Abraham","year":"2024","journal-title":"Odisha, India. Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2025.100773_bib0003","unstructured":"National Center for Vector Borne Diseases Control (NCVBDC). Filaria, https:\/\/ncvbdc.mohfw.gov.in\/index1.php?lang=1&level=1&sublinkid=5777&lid=3691; 2024. [accessed 17 June 2025]."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2025.100773_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1586\/eri.09.36","article-title":"Current practices in the management of lymphatic filariasis","volume":"7","author":"Bockarie","year":"2009","journal-title":"Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2025.100773_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3156.2001.00765.x","article-title":"Lymphatic filariasis: an infection of childhood","volume":"6","author":"Witt","year":"2001","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2025.100773_bib0006","series-title":"Park\u2019s textbook of preventive and social medicine","author":"Park","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2025.100773_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2883-6-4","article-title":"Physical disability and psychosocial impact due to chronic filarial lymphoedema in Sri Lanka","volume":"6","author":"Wijesinghe","year":"2007","journal-title":"Filaria J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2025.100773_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0013073","article-title":"The psychosocial and emotional burden of lymphatic filariasis: a systematic review","volume":"19","author":"Vasconez-Gonzalez","year":"2025","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2025.100773_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-3-70","article-title":"Challenges in mass drug administration for treating lymphatic filariasis in Papua, Indonesia","volume":"3","author":"Bhullar","year":"2010","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2025.100773_bib0010","first-page":"25","article-title":"Elimination of lymphatic filariasis: current perspectives on mass drug administration","volume":"9","author":"Gyapong","year":"2018","journal-title":"Res Rep Trop Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2025.100773_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.4103\/ijph.ijph_1030_23","article-title":"Eliminating lymphatic filariasis: India\u2019s bold plan to finish 3 years ahead of global schedule","volume":"67","author":"Pati","year":"2023","journal-title":"Indian J Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2025.100773_bib0012","first-page":"17","article-title":"Lymphatic filariasis in india: A journey towards elimination","volume":"52","author":"Kumar","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Commun Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2025.100773_bib0013","article-title":"Mass drug administration to eliminate lymphatic filariasis: A population-based coverage and compliance study in Eastern India","volume":"30","author":"Mohanty","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Epidemiol Glob Heal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2025.100773_bib0014","first-page":"29","article-title":"Introduction of triple-drug therapy for accelerating lymphatic filariasis elimination in India: lessons learned","volume":"106","author":"Tripathi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2025.100773_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1551","DOI":"10.3390\/ani13091551","article-title":"Animal and human dirofilariasis in India and Sri Lanka: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"13","author":"Thilakarathne","year":"2023","journal-title":"Animals (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2025.100773_bib0016","first-page":"1","article-title":"Human dirofilariasis","volume":"19","author":"Peter","year":"2020","journal-title":"Online J Heal Allied Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2025.100773_bib0017","first-page":"20","article-title":"Conjunctivitis by Dirofilaria conjunctivae","volume":"24","author":"Joseph","year":"1977","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2025.100773_bib0018","first-page":"263","article-title":"A case of subcutaneous dirofilariasis in a woman in Kerala","volume":"76","author":"Senthilvel","year":"1999","journal-title":"Indian Vet J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2025.100773_bib0019","first-page":"DD09","article-title":"Ocular dirofilariasis: a rare case from Mumbai, India","volume":"11","author":"Agrawal","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Diagn Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2025.100773_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcro.2017.04.007","article-title":"Subconjunctival dirofilariasis after cataract surgery","volume":"5","author":"Behl","year":"2017","journal-title":"JCRS Online Case Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2025.100773_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-777X.81702","article-title":"Subcutaneous human dirofilariasis due to Dirofilaria repens: report of two cases","volume":"3","author":"Permi","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Glob Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2025.100773_bib0022","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","author":"Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2025.100773_bib0023","unstructured":"Covidence. Covidence - Better systematic review management, https:\/\/www.covidence.org\/; 2025 [accessed 17 February 2024]."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2025.100773_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2811","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btu393","article-title":"circlize implements and enhances circular visualization in R","volume":"30","author":"Gu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2025.100773_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1016\/S2222-1808(16)61073-3","article-title":"Nephritic syndrome and anasarca in a case of lymphatic filariasis: a rare association","volume":"6","author":"Basu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Trop Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2025.100773_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1016\/S0255-0857(21)00148-1","article-title":"Human dirofilariasis: a fast emerging zoonosis in India","volume":"33","author":"Ghosh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Indian J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2025.100773_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.18203\/2394-6040.ijcmph20190054","article-title":"Prevalence of lymphatic filariasis in a tribal area of Maharashtra","volume":"6","author":"Lunge","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Community Med Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2025.100773_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1177\/00494755221080233","article-title":"Cytological diagnosis of microfilaria coexistent with suspected malignancy of breast and ovary in a young pregnant female","volume":"52","author":"Singh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Trop Doct"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2025.100773_bib0029","first-page":"ED06","article-title":"Co-existence of wuchereria bancrofti microfilaraemia in a case of multiple myeloma: an incidental finding or an association?","volume":"11","author":"Sharma","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Diagn Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2025.100773_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.4236\/ss.2018.94017","article-title":"Worm under the skin\u2014an Unusal case of filariasis","volume":"9","author":"Krishna","year":"2018","journal-title":"Surg Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2025.100773_bib0031","first-page":"FC05","article-title":"Incidental diagnosis of filariasis in superficial location by FNAC: a retrospective study of 10 years","volume":"8","author":"Khare","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Diagn Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2025.100773_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1258\/td.2011.110156","article-title":"An uncommon infectious cause of pleural effusion","volume":"41","author":"Aggarwal","year":"2011","journal-title":"Trop Doct"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2025.100773_bib0033","article-title":"Microfilariae coexistent with the cytology of adenocarcinoma gall bladder: an unnoticed comorbidity","volume":"5","author":"Bika","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Investig J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2025.100773_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2021.102471","article-title":"Ovarian filariasis: diagnosis by detection of microfilariae in follicular fluid, a case report","volume":"86","author":"Gahlan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Parasitol Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2025.100773_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3182","DOI":"10.14260\/jemds\/680","article-title":"Acute filarial infection presenting with fits and altered sensorium- rare presentation. A case report","volume":"2","author":"Dhakal","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Evol Med Dent Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2025.100773_bib0036","first-page":"107","article-title":"A rare case of lymphatic filariasis from Sikkim","volume":"28","author":"Mandal","year":"2015","journal-title":"Natl Med J India"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2025.100773_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.4103\/0301-4738.118442","article-title":"A rare case of subconjunctival dirofilariasis by Dirofilaria repens in rural Gujarat","volume":"62","author":"Patel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2025.100773_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.7883\/yoken.JJID.2002.47","article-title":"Subconjunctival infection with Dirofilaria repens","volume":"55","author":"Gautam","year":"2002","journal-title":"Jpn J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2025.100773_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.4103\/0378-6323.148576","article-title":"Subcutaneous human dirofilariasis","volume":"81","author":"Sukumarakurup","year":"2015","journal-title":"Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2025.100773_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.4103\/2229-516X.112243","article-title":"Subcutaneous nodule: A case of Dirofilaria","volume":"3","author":"D\u2019Souza","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Appl Basic Med Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2025.100773_bib0041","first-page":"691","article-title":"Dirofilariosis in dogs & humans in Kerala","volume":"121","author":"Sabu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2025.100773_bib0042","first-page":"235","article-title":"A case of subcutaneous dirofilariasis of the eyelid in the south Indian state of Kerala","volume":"52","author":"Ittyerah","year":"2004","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2025.100773_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C1","DOI":"10.21276\/apalm.3203","article-title":"Subcutaneous human dirofilariasis A rare case report from Mumbai, Maharashtra","volume":"10","author":"Sarda","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann Pathol Lab Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2025.100773_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.4103\/0377-4929.162923","article-title":"Subcutaneous human dirofilariasis in Vidarbha","volume":"58","author":"Kombade","year":"2015","journal-title":"Indian J Pathol Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2025.100773_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/S0255-0857(21)02475-0","article-title":"Subtenons infection by Dirofilaria repens","volume":"24","author":"Sathyan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Indian J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2025.100773_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1179\/36485905X36253","article-title":"Subcutaneous dirofilariasis in Southern India: a case report","volume":"99","author":"Padmaja","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann Trop Med Parasitol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2025.100773_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7860\/JCDR\/2019\/38114.12423","article-title":"Filarial pleural effusion with lymphoma: a rare association","author":"Agarwal","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Diagn Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2025.100773_bib0048","first-page":"804","article-title":"Identification of Brugia malayi in dogs in Kerala, India","volume":"34","author":"Chirayath","year":"2017","journal-title":"Trop Biomed"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2025.100773_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/630160","article-title":"Canine filarial infections in a human Brugia malayi endemic area of India","author":"Ravindran","year":"2014","journal-title":"BioMed Res Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2025.100773_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0011729","article-title":"Wuchereria bancrofti infection is associated with progression to clinical visceral leishmaniasis in VL- endemic areas in Muzaffarpur, Bihar, India","volume":"17","author":"Singh","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2025.100773_bib0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.4103\/tp.TP_93_20","article-title":"Coexistent malaria and filaria among the febrile patients attending for malaria diagnosis: a clinic-based study","volume":"10","author":"Acharya","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trop Parasitol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2025.100773_bib0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.52635\/eamr\/12.1.18-23","article-title":"Prevalence of aerobic bacteria causing wound infection in patients with filarial elephantiasis in a tertiary care hospital of Kolkata, India","volume":"12","author":"Barman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Explor Anim Med Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2025.100773_bib0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1179\/136485907X154548","article-title":"Preliminary findings from a cross-sectional study on lymphatic filariasis in children, in an area of India endemic for Brugia malayi infection","volume":"101","author":"Shenoy","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann Trop Med Parasitol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2025.100773_bib0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ento.54.110807.090626","article-title":"Role of vector control in the global program to eliminate lymphatic filariasis","volume":"54","author":"Bockarie","year":"2009","journal-title":"Annu Rev Entomol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2025.100773_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1082","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1360-2276.2003.01138.x","article-title":"The impact of six rounds of single-dose mass administration of diethylcarbamazine or ivermectin on the transmission of Wuchereria bancrofti by Culex quinquefasciatus and its implications for lymphatic filariasis elimination programmes","volume":"8","author":"Ramaiah","year":"2003","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2025.100773_bib0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.107807","article-title":"Molecular xenomonitoring of Wuchereria bancrofti infection in three different evaluation settings of lymphatic filariasis elimination programme in India","volume":"152","author":"Vasuki","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"}],"container-title":["IJID Regions"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2772707625002073?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2772707625002073?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T16:55:08Z","timestamp":1773852908000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2772707625002073"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"references-count":56,"alternative-id":["S2772707625002073"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijregi.2025.100773","relation":{},"ISSN":["2772-7076"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2772-7076","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Two decades of filariasis in India: Insights into prevalence, diagnostic challenges, and strategies for elimination by 2027","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"IJID Regions","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijregi.2025.100773","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of International Society for Infectious Diseases.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100773"}}