{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T17:10:57Z","timestamp":1790010657433,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["IJID Regions"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2026.100938","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T15:30:07Z","timestamp":1783179007000},"page":"100938","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Bacteriologically confirmed pulmonary tuberculosis and associated factors among adult household contacts of patients with smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis in Kaffa Zone public hospitals, Southwest Ethiopia"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-1201-904X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel Mulat","family":"Eshetu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mikias Getahun","family":"Molla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zebene","family":"Ambaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aynekulu","family":"Baylie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2026.100938_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/2049-9957-2-6","article-title":"Smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis among diabetic patients at the Dessie referral hospital, Northeast Ethiopia","volume":"2","author":"Amare","year":"2013","journal-title":"Infect Dis Poverty"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2026.100938_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-019-4695-7","article-title":"House-hold contact tuberculosis screening adherence and associated factors among tuberculosis patients attending at health facilities in Gondar town, northwest, Ethiopia","volume":"19","author":"Shiferaw","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2026.100938_bib0003","series-title":"Guidelines for Clinical and Programmatic Management of TB, TB\/HIV, DR-TB and Leprosy in Ethiopia","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2026.100938_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1249","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.12365","article-title":"Assessing the economic burden of illness for tuberculosis patients in Benin: determinants and consequences of catastrophic health expenditures and inequities","volume":"19","author":"Laokri","year":"2014","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2026.100938_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-019-4074-5","article-title":"Evaluation of facility and community-based active household tuberculosis contact investigation in Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study","volume":"19","author":"Tefera","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2026.100938_bib0006","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Global tuberculosis report 2024. [Accessed 30 october 2025]. Available from: https:\/\/www.who.int\/teams\/global-tuberculosis-programme\/tb-reports\/global-tuberculosis-report-2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2026.100938_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.11604\/pamj.2022.43.146.35557","article-title":"Prospects for tuberculosis elimination in Ethiopia: feasibility, challenges, and opportunities","volume":"43","author":"Agizew","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pan Afr Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2026.100938_bib0008","unstructured":"World Health Organization. WHO Consolidated Guidelines on Tuberculosis Module 1: Prevention \u2013 Tuberculosis Preventive Treatment. 2020. [accessed 30 October 2025]. Available from: https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789240001503."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2026.100938_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-020-08879-z","article-title":"Yield of household contact investigation of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in southern Ethiopia","volume":"20","author":"Yassin","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2026.100938_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00070812","article-title":"Contact investigation for tuberculosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"41","author":"Fox","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2026.100938_bib0011","article-title":"Prevalence and associated factors of tuberculosis among adult household contacts of smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients treated in public health facilities of Haramaya district, Oromia region, eastern Ethiopia","volume":"2020","author":"Adane","year":"2020","journal-title":"Tuberc Res Treat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2026.100938_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cit643","article-title":"Yield of contact investigations in households of patients with drug-resistant tuberculosis: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"58","author":"Shah","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2026.100938_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-018-3036-6","article-title":"Investigation of household contacts of pulmonary tuberculosis patients increases case detection in Mwanza City, Tanzania","volume":"18","author":"Beyanga","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2026.100938_bib0014","first-page":"303","article-title":"Prevalence of tuberculosis in household contacts of sputum smears positive cases and associated demographic risk factors","volume":"14","author":"Gyawali","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nepal Med Coll J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2026.100938_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-018-3193-7","article-title":"Yield of household contact tracing for tuberculosis in rural South Africa","volume":"18","author":"Little","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2026.100938_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-016-1616-x","article-title":"A prospective longitudinal study of tuberculosis among household contacts of smear-positive tuberculosis cases in Lima, Peru","volume":"16","author":"Otero","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2026.100938_bib0017","first-page":"122","article-title":"Tuberculosis attributed to household contacts in the Philippines","volume":"14","author":"Sia","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2026.100938_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0214235","article-title":"Risk factors for tuberculosis: A case\u2013control study in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia","volume":"14","author":"Shimeles","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2026.100938_bib0019","series-title":"WHO consolidated guidelines on tuberculosis: Module 5: Management of tuberculosis in children and adolescents. Web Annex 3: GRADE Evidence to Decision Tables","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2026.100938_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.2147\/DHPS.S82070","article-title":"Environmental and host-related determinants of tuberculosis in Metema district, north-west Ethiopia","volume":"7","author":"Tesema","year":"2015","journal-title":"Drug Healthc Patient Saf"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2026.100938_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-024-18400-5","article-title":"WHO\u2019s end of TB targets: unachievable by 2035 without addressing under nutrition, forced displacement, and homelessness: trend analysis from 2015 to 2022","volume":"24","author":"Ayenew","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2026.100938_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1258","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens11111258","article-title":"Preventive treatment for household contacts of drug-susceptible tuberculosis patients","volume":"11","author":"Salazar-Austin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2026.100938_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.3390\/tropicalmed9010024","article-title":"Situation analysis of early implementation of programmatic management of tuberculosis preventive treatment among household contacts of pulmonary TB patients in Delhi, India","volume":"9","author":"Alvi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Trop Med Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2026.100938_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-015-1442-z","article-title":"The yield of screening symptomatic contacts of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis cases at a tertiary hospital in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia","volume":"8","author":"Titiyos","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Res Notes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2026.100938_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2017.01.029","article-title":"De-isolation of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis after start of treatment - clear, unequivocal guidelines are missing","volume":"56","author":"Petersen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2026.100938_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1017967","article-title":"Effects of smoking on the severity and transmission of pulmonary tuberculosis: a hospital-based case control study","volume":"11","author":"Feng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2026.100938_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1500","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciab504","article-title":"Smoking cessation in tuberculosis patients and the risk of tuberculosis infection in child household contacts","volume":"73","author":"Chu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2026.100938_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/20503121221086725","article-title":"Associated risk factor of tuberculosis infection among adult patients in Gedeo Zone, Southern Ethiopia","volume":"10","author":"Diriba","year":"2022","journal-title":"SAGE Open Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2026.100938_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1016\/S0962-8479(96)90052-0","article-title":"Passive smoking and risk of pulmonary tuberculosis in children immediately following infection. A case-control study","volume":"77","author":"Altet","year":"1996","journal-title":"Tuber Lung Dis"}],"container-title":["IJID Regions"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2772707626001001?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2772707626001001?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T16:42:48Z","timestamp":1790008968000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2772707626001001"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":29,"alternative-id":["S2772707626001001"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijregi.2026.100938","relation":{},"ISSN":["2772-7076"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2772-7076","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Bacteriologically confirmed pulmonary tuberculosis and associated factors among adult household contacts of patients with smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis in Kaffa Zone public hospitals, Southwest Ethiopia","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"IJID Regions","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijregi.2026.100938","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of International Society for Infectious Diseases.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100938"}}