{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T17:10:29Z","timestamp":1790010629232,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,15]],"date-time":"2026-08-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786752000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["IJID Regions"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2026.100980","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T15:09:41Z","timestamp":1787065781000},"page":"100980","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["A systematic review of antimicrobial resistance among World Health Organization Bacterial Priority Pathogens in Syria (2015-2025)"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8821-864X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bayan","family":"Galal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nadia","family":"Barouk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmad","family":"Kejah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marwan","family":"Osman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nabil","family":"Karah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salam","family":"Abbara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasir","family":"Farrouh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaffi Fazaludeen","family":"Koya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antoine Abou","family":"Fayad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Souha S.","family":"Kanj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmad","family":"Darwish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Omar","family":"Dewachi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aula","family":"Abbara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2026.100980_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1038\/s44259-025-00099-y","article-title":"Unraveling the linkages between conflict and antimicrobial resistance","volume":"3","author":"Abbara","year":"2025","journal-title":"NPJ Antimicrob Resist"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2026.100980_sbref0002","series-title":"Addressing antimicrobial resistance in fragile and conflict-affected situations","author":"EMRO","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2026.100980_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1038\/s44259-025-00164-6","article-title":"Syria\u2019s intersecting crises exacerbate antimicrobial resistance","volume":"3","author":"Abbara","year":"2025","journal-title":"NPJ Antimicrob Resist"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2026.100980_bib0004","article-title":"A cross-sectional survey of knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding antimicrobial resistance among Syrian health care professionals","volume":"17","author":"Alhosni","year":"2025","journal-title":"IJID Reg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2026.100980_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.12688\/wellcomeopenres.12527.1","article-title":"AMR Surveillance in low and middle-income settings\u2014A roadmap for participation in the Global Antimicrobial Surveillance System (GLASS)","volume":"2","author":"Seale","year":"2017","journal-title":"Wellcome Open Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2026.100980_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e955","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(25)00201-4","article-title":"The burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance in the WHO eastern Mediterranean Region 1990\u20132021: a cross-country systematic analysis with forecasts to 2050","volume":"10","author":"Mestrovic","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2026.100980_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2018.06.010","article-title":"A summary and appraisal of existing evidence of antimicrobial resistance in the Syrian conflict","volume":"75","author":"Abbara","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2026.100980_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(25)00118-5","article-title":"The WHO Bacterial Priority Pathogens List 2024: a prioritisation study to guide research, development, and public health strategies against antimicrobial resistance","volume":"25","author":"Sati","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2026.100980_bib40","series-title":"R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing","author":"R Core Team","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2026.100980_bib41","series-title":"RStudio: Integrated Development Environment for R. Posit Software","author":"Posit Team","year":"2025"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2026.100980_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.5812\/archcid.20631","article-title":"Prevalence of Plasmid-Mediated Quinolone Resistance (PMQR) Determinants among Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamases (ESBL)-producing isolates of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in Aleppo, Syria","volume":"10","author":"Alheib","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arch Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2026.100980_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.5812\/archcid.22540","article-title":"Prevalence of CTX-M, TEM and SHV beta-lactamases in clinical isolates of Escherichia Coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from Aleppo University Hospitals, Aleppo, Syria","volume":"10","author":"Al-Subol","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arch Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2026.100980_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.3855\/jidc.5643","article-title":"Multidrug resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from nosocomial respiratory and urinary infections in Aleppo, Syria","volume":"9","author":"Mahfoud","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Infect Dev Ctries"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2026.100980_bib21","first-page":"171","article-title":"First report for the distributions of the most common serogroups of uropathogenic Escherichia coli and trimethoprim resistant dfrA genes from Damascus\u2013Syria","volume":"8","author":"Shbib","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J PharmTech Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2026.100980_bib22","first-page":"2929","article-title":"Pseudomonal infections in patients with burns in Al-Mouasat Hospital in Damascus-Syria","volume":"9","author":"Ahmad","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Chem Pharm Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2026.100980_bib23","first-page":"113","article-title":"Antibiotic sensitivity patterns of the most common bacteria isolated from Al-Mouwasat University Hospital in 2015, Syria","volume":"9","author":"Omran","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Pharm Tech Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2026.100980_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2070","DOI":"10.5958\/0974-360X.2018.00384.0","article-title":"Evaluation of the Gram-negative Bacilli causing surgical-site infections and their sensitivity to antibiotics in Al- Mowasat Hospital, Damascus, Syria","volume":"11","author":"Ahmad","year":"2018","journal-title":"Res J Pharm Tech"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2026.100980_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1255","DOI":"10.5958\/0974-360X.2019.00209.9","article-title":"Acquired urinary tract infection in the public hospital","volume":"12","author":"Yazigi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Res J Pharm Tech"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2026.100980_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.21608\/bfsa.2020.127420","article-title":"Virulence determinants of Escherichia coli strains isolated from surgical site infections at selected hospitals in Syria","volume":"43","author":"Daoud","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bull Pharm Sci Assiut"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2026.100980_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2020.09.026","article-title":"High rates of antimicrobial resistance among clinical isolates from microbiology laboratories in Syria","volume":"82","author":"Karamya","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2026.100980_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.21608\/bfsa.2022.239586","article-title":"Investigating bacteria isolated from diabetic foot ulcers and studying their sensitivity to antibiotics \u2013 Syria","volume":"45","author":"Al Abbas","year":"2022","journal-title":"Bull Pharm Sci Assiut Univ"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2026.100980_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.47363\/JIRR\/2022(2)114","article-title":"Resistance and sensitivity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa against common used antibiotics in Tishreen University Hospital, Syria","volume":"2","author":"Harfouch","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Immunol Res Rep"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2026.100980_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/aqab160","article-title":"Teleclinical microbiology: an innovative approach to providing web-enabled diagnostic laboratory services in Syria","volume":"157","author":"Karah","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2026.100980_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.34172\/ajcmi.3502","article-title":"Molecular detection of hospital-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from teaching hospitals in Damascus, Syria","volume":"10","author":"Alyousef","year":"2023","journal-title":"Avicenna J Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2026.100980_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2655","DOI":"10.1097\/MS9.0000000000000778","article-title":"Resistance patterns of bacterial pathogens causing lower respiratory tract infections: Aleppo-Syria","volume":"85","author":"Arab","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann Med Surg (Lond)"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2026.100980_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2999","DOI":"10.52711\/0974-360X.2023.00495","article-title":"Bacterial pathogens of urinary tract in diabetic patients at Tishreen University Hospital","volume":"16","author":"Atrash","year":"2023","journal-title":"Res J Pharm Technol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2026.100980_bib34","first-page":"418","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance patterns in paediatric infections at Damascus Hospital, Syria: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"85","author":"Kahal","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann Med Surg (Lond)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2026.100980_bib35","first-page":"100416","article-title":"Predictors of antibiogram performance and antibiotic resistance patterns in the northern Syrian region: a cross-sectional investigation","volume":"13","author":"Bourgi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Explor Res Clin Soc Pharm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2026.100980_bib36","article-title":"Prevalence of multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from infected wounds and burns at a tertiary care hospital in Syria","author":"Al Debs","year":"2025","journal-title":"Bull Pharm Sci Assiut Univ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2026.100980_bib37","first-page":"75","article-title":"Sensitivity profile of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae and therapeutic outcome in children in Syria","volume":"38","author":"Jadeed","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv Health Sci Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2026.100980_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.4103\/jpgm.jpgm_565_24","article-title":"Microbial profile and antimicrobial resistance patterns in ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP): a cross-sectional study from Syria","volume":"71","author":"Khalil","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Postgrad Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2026.100980_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/jcla.25153","article-title":"Prevalence of plasmid-mediated fluoroquinolone resistance genes in pseudomonas aeruginosa among patients at Aleppo University Hospital, Syria","volume":"39","author":"Shanan","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Clin Lab Anal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2026.100980_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1186\/s40249-025-01287-8","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance surveillance and trends in armed conflict, fragile, and non-conflict countries of the eastern Mediterranean Region","volume":"14","author":"Moghnieh","year":"2025","journal-title":"Infect Dis Poverty"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2026.100980_bib0010","article-title":"Antimicrobial stewardship and antibiograms: importance of moving beyond traditional antibiograms","volume":"8","author":"Klinker","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ther Adv Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2026.100980_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e379","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(18)30414-6","article-title":"Epidemiology of common resistant bacterial pathogens in the countries of the Arab League","volume":"18","author":"Moghnieh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2026.100980_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-025-10569-3","article-title":"Conflict-associated wounds and burns infected with GLASS pathogens in the eastern Mediterranean Region: a systematic review","volume":"25","author":"Wild","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2026.100980_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2021.08.005","article-title":"Phenotypic and genotypic characterisation of cephalosporin-, carbapenem- and colistin-resistant Gram-negative bacterial pathogens in Lebanon, Jordan and Iraq","volume":"27","author":"Moghnieh","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Glob Antimicrob Resist"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2026.100980_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-015-0441-5","article-title":"Molecular epidemiology of Acinetobacter baumannii in different hospitals in Tripoli, Lebanon using bla OXA-51-like sequence based typing","volume":"15","author":"Rafei","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2026.100980_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-020-05503-8","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance among GLASS pathogens in conflict and non-conflict affected settings in the Middle East: a systematic review","volume":"20","author":"Truppa","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2026.100980_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2017.07.010","article-title":"Antibiotic stewardship in low- and middle-income countries: the same but different?","volume":"23","author":"Cox","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2026.100980_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1409","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2021.05.027","article-title":"Setting up laboratory-based antimicrobial resistance surveillance in low- and middle-income countries: lessons learned from Georgia","volume":"27","author":"Malania","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"}],"container-title":["IJID Regions"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2772707626001426?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2772707626001426?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T16:40:51Z","timestamp":1790008851000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2772707626001426"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":41,"alternative-id":["S2772707626001426"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijregi.2026.100980","relation":{},"ISSN":["2772-7076"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2772-7076","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"A systematic review of antimicrobial resistance among World Health Organization Bacterial Priority Pathogens in Syria (2015-2025)","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"IJID Regions","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijregi.2026.100980","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of International Society for Infectious Diseases.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100980"}}