{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T09:58:29Z","timestamp":1790416709982,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788307200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["IJID Regions"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2026.101002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T23:48:34Z","timestamp":1788479314000},"page":"101002","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Self-reported acute respiratory illness during the pre-ritual and post-return phases of Hajj among South African pilgrims in 2025: a retrospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Ozayr","family":"Mahomed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salim","family":"Parker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaffar A.","family":"Al-Tawfiq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2026.101002_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/jtm\/taae122","article-title":"Sacred journeys and pilgrimages: health risks associated with travels for religious purposes","volume":"31","author":"Parker","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Travel Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2026.101002_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2073","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)30501-X","article-title":"Mass gatherings medicine: public health issues arising from mass gathering religious and sporting events","volume":"393","author":"Memish","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2026.101002_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2073","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)60381-0","article-title":"Hajj: infectious disease surveillance and control","volume":"383","author":"Memish","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2026.101002_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2015.12.008","article-title":"Hajj-associated viral respiratory infections: a systematic review","volume":"14","author":"Gautret","year":"2016","journal-title":"Travel Med Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2026.101002_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2018.12.002","article-title":"Clinical respiratory infections and pneumonia during the Hajj pilgrimage: a systematic review","volume":"28","author":"Benkouiten","year":"2019","journal-title":"Travel Med Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2026.101002_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1821","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2011.140600","article-title":"Respiratory viruses and bacteria among pilgrims during the 2013 Hajj","volume":"20","author":"Benkouiten","year":"2014","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2026.101002_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.3390\/tropicalmed8080418","article-title":"Epidemiological Differences in Hajj-Acquired Airborne Infections in Pilgrims Arriving from Low and Middle-Income versus High-Income Countries: a Systematised Review","volume":"8","author":"Mahdi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Trop Med Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2026.101002_bib0008","article-title":"Epidemiology of severe acute respiratory illness (SARI) among adults and children aged \u22655 years in a high HIV-prevalence setting, 2009\u20132012","volume":"10","author":"Cohen","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLOS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2026.101002_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3607","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18073607","article-title":"A longitudinal study regarding the health profile of the 2017 South African Hajj pilgrims","volume":"18","author":"Mushi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2026.101002_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-62682-z","article-title":"Morbidity amongst South African Hajj pilgrims in 2023-a retrospective cohort study","volume":"14","author":"Mahomed","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2026.101002_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.4103\/ijmr.IJMR_890_17","article-title":"Respiratory viruses in returning Hajj and Umrah pilgrims with acute respiratory illness in 2014\u20132015","volume":"148","author":"Koul","year":"2018","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2026.101002_tboref0001","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Recommended composition of influenza virus vaccines for use in the 2025 southern hemisphere influenza season. 2024. (Accessed 18 August, 2026)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2026.101002_tboref0002","unstructured":"National Institute for Communicable Diseases. Influenza surveillance report: insights from South Africa. 2025 (Accessed 18 August, 2026)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2026.101002_bib0014","unstructured":"World Health Organization. WHO surveillance case definitions for ILI and SARI. 2014. (Accessed 18 August, 2026) https:\/\/www.who.int\/teams\/global-influenza-programme\/surveillance-and-monitoring\/case-definitions-for-ili-and-sari."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2026.101002_bib0015","unstructured":"World Health Organization. WHO COVID-19 case definition. 2022. (Accessed 18 August, 2026) https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/WHO-2019-nCoV-Surveillance_Case_Definition-2022.1."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2026.101002_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1708-8305.2009.00384.x","article-title":"The prevalence of acute respiratory symptoms and role of protective measures among Malaysian Hajj pilgrims","volume":"17","author":"Deris","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Travel Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2026.101002_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1556\/030.2022.01895","article-title":"Respiratory pathogens among ill pilgrims and the potential benefit of using point-of-care rapid molecular diagnostic tools during the Hajj","volume":"69","author":"Hoang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Microbiol Immunol Hung"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2026.101002_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2015.09.008","article-title":"The inevitable Hajj cough: surveillance data in French pilgrims, 2012\u20132014","volume":"13","author":"Gautret","year":"2015","journal-title":"Travel Med Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2026.101002_bib0019","article-title":"Prevalence of cough and associated symptoms among pilgrims in large mass gathering event 2024: a cross-sectional study","volume":"17","author":"Khan","year":"2025","journal-title":"IJID Reg"}],"container-title":["IJID Regions"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2772707626001645?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2772707626001645?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T09:09:24Z","timestamp":1790413764000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2772707626001645"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"references-count":19,"alternative-id":["S2772707626001645"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijregi.2026.101002","relation":{},"ISSN":["2772-7076"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2772-7076","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Self-reported acute respiratory illness during the pre-ritual and post-return phases of Hajj among South African pilgrims in 2025: a retrospective cohort study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"IJID Regions","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijregi.2026.101002","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of International Society for Infectious Diseases.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"101002"}}