{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T19:33:15Z","timestamp":1791228795240,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,1]],"date-time":"2005-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1107216000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2004.06.001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,26]],"date-time":"2005-01-26T04:16:30Z","timestamp":1106712990000},"page":"400-408","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":63,"title":["A dose-escalation trial with the adaptive radiotherapy process as a delivery system in localized prostate cancer: Analysis of chronic toxicity"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"Donald","family":"Brabbins","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alvaro","family":"Martinez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Di","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Lockman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michell","family":"Wallace","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gary","family":"Gustafson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Vicini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2004.06.001_bib1","unstructured":"Fuks Z, Leibel A, Kutcher GJ, et al. Three-dimensional conformal treatment: A new frontier in radiation therapy. In: Devita VT Jr, Rosenberg SA, Hellman S, editors. Cancer: Principles & practice of oncology. Philadelphia: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins; 1985."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2004.06.001_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1016\/0360-3016(83)90002-0","article-title":"Multi-dimensional treatment planning","volume":"9","author":"Goitein","year":"1983","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2004.06.001_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-8140(84)80070-5","article-title":"When and how can we improve precision in radiotherapy?","volume":"2","author":"Dutriex","year":"1984","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2004.06.001_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1016\/0360-3016(92)90959-L","article-title":"A multi-leaf collimator prescription preparation system for conventional radiotherapy","volume":"30","author":"Du","year":"1994","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Bio Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2004.06.001_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1247","DOI":"10.1016\/0360-3016(95)00273-1","article-title":"Effects of treatment set up variations on beam's eye view dosimetry for radiation therapy using the multi-leaf collimator versus the cerrobend block","volume":"33","author":"Frazier","year":"1995","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2004.06.001_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1229","DOI":"10.1016\/0360-3016(95)00203-0","article-title":"Dosimetric evaluation of the conformation of the multi-leaf collimator to irregularly shaped fields","volume":"33","author":"Frazier","year":"1995","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2004.06.001_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/40\/5\/005","article-title":"A method for implementing dynamic photon beam intensity modulation using independent jaws and multi-leaf collimator","volume":"40","author":"Yu","year":"1995","journal-title":"Phys Med Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2004.06.001_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1259\/0007-1285-52-618-478","article-title":"A computerized three-dimensional treatment planning system utilizing interactive colour graphics","volume":"52","author":"McShan","year":"1979","journal-title":"Br J Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2004.06.001_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1016\/0360-3016(83)90003-2","article-title":"Multi-dimensional treatment planning","volume":"9","author":"Goitein","year":"1983","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2004.06.001_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(98)90033-5","article-title":"A comprehensive three-dimensional radiation treatment planning system","volume":"15","author":"Mohan","year":"1988","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2004.06.001_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(01)02072-7","article-title":"Preliminary report of toxicity following 3D conformal radiation therapy (3DCRT) for prostate cancer on 3DOG\/RTOG 9406, level III (79.2 Gy)","volume":"51","author":"Ryu","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2004.06.001_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/0360-3016(96)00064-8","article-title":"Lateral rectal shielding reduces late rectal morbidity following high dose three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy for clinically localized prostate cancer","volume":"35","author":"Lee","year":"1996","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2004.06.001_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1999.17.2.517","article-title":"Comparison of the 5 year outcome and morbidity of 3-D conformal radiotherapy versus transperineal permanent Iodine-125 implantation for early stage prostatic cancer","volume":"17","author":"Zelefsky","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Clinic Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2004.06.001_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(98)00091-1","article-title":"Dose escalation with three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy affects the outcome in prostate cancer","volume":"41","author":"Zelefsky","year":"1998","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2004.06.001_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3904","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2000.18.23.3904","article-title":"Preliminary results of a randomized radiotherapy dose-escalation study comparing 70 Gy with 78 Gy for prostate cancer","volume":"18","author":"Pollack","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2004.06.001_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/0360-3016(92)90039-K","article-title":"Can modest escalations of dose be detected as increased tumor control?","volume":"22","author":"Thames","year":"1994","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2004.06.001_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(00)00436-3","article-title":"Interim report of image-guided conformal high dose rate brachytherapy for patients with unfavorable prostate cancer","volume":"47","author":"Martinez","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2004.06.001_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2869","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2000.18.15.2869","article-title":"Matched-pair analysis of conformal high-dose-rate brachytherapy boost versus external-beam radiation alone for locally advanced prostate cancer","volume":"18","author":"Kestin","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2004.06.001_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000052720.62999.a9","article-title":"Conformal high dose rate brachytherapy improves biochemical control and cause specific survival in patients with prostate cancer and poor prognostic factors","volume":"169","author":"Martinez","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2004.06.001_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-8140(92)90305-E","article-title":"Dose escalation for stage C (T3) prostate cancer","volume":"23","author":"Sandler","year":"1992","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2004.06.001_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(02)03242-X","article-title":"Toxicity following 3D radiation therapy for prostate cancer on RTOG 9406 dose level IV","volume":"54","author":"Michalski","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2004.06.001_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(02)03243-1","article-title":"Dose escalation in prostate cancer","volume":"54","author":"Martinez","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2004.06.001_bib23","first-page":"671","article-title":"Evaluation of changes in the size and location of the prostate, seminal vesicles, bladder and rectum during a course of external beam radiation therapy","volume":"18","author":"Roeske","year":"1990","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2004.06.001_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1016\/0360-3016(93)90400-P","article-title":"The use of on-line image verification to estimate the variation in radiation therapy dose delivery","volume":"27","author":"Michalski","year":"1993","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2004.06.001_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1016\/0360-3016(96)00204-0","article-title":"Combined error of patient positioning variability and prostate motion uncertainty in 3D conformal radiotherapy of localized prostate cancer","volume":"35","author":"Rudat","year":"1996","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2004.06.001_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1016\/0360-3016(95)02081-0","article-title":"Analysis of prostate and seminal vesicle motion","volume":"34","author":"Beard","year":"1996","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2004.06.001_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(97)00221-6","article-title":"Variation in prostate position qualification and implications for three-dimensional conformal treatment planning","volume":"38","author":"Melian","year":"1997","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2004.06.001_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/42\/1\/008","article-title":"Adaptive radiation therapy","volume":"42","author":"Yan","year":"1997","journal-title":"Phys Med Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2004.06.001_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(99)00007-3","article-title":"A model to accumulate fractionated dose in a deforming organ","volume":"44","author":"Yan","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2004.06.001_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(00)00608-8","article-title":"An off-line strategy for constructing a patient-specific planning target volume in adaptive treatment process of prostate cancer","volume":"48","author":"Yan","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2004.06.001_bib31","first-page":"1111","article-title":"Improvement in dose escalation using the process of adaptive radiation therapy combined with three dimensional conformal or intensity-modulated beams for prostate cancer","volume":"51","author":"Martinez","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2004.06.001_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(98)00037-6","article-title":"Estimation of the incidence in late bladder and rectum complications after high-dose (70\u201378 GY) conformal radiotherapy for prostate cancer, using dose-volume histograms","volume":"41","author":"Boersma","year":"1998","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2004.06.001_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/47\/23\/401","article-title":"When should systematic patient positioning errors in radiotherapy be corrected?","volume":"47","author":"Bortfield","year":"2002","journal-title":"Phys Med Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2004.06.001_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)05180-0","article-title":"Comparison of radiation side-effects of conformal and conventional radiotherapy in prostate cancer","volume":"353","author":"Dearnaley","year":"1999","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2004.06.001_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(00)00700-8","article-title":"Complications from radiotherapy dose escalation in prostate cancer","volume":"48","author":"Storey","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Onc Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2004.06.001_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(03)00072-5","article-title":"Preliminary evaluation of low grade toxicity with conformal radiation therapy for prostate cancer on RTOG 9406 dose levels I and II","volume":"56","author":"Michalski","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2004.06.001_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1281","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(20010901)92:5<1281::AID-CNCR1449>3.0.CO;2-9","article-title":"Defining the optimal radiation dose with three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy for patients with non-metastatic prostate carcinoma by using recursive partitioning techniques","volume":"92","author":"Horwitz","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2004.06.001_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1337","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(02)02884-5","article-title":"Flat panel cone-beam computer tomography for image-guided radiation therapy","volume":"53","author":"Jaffray","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2004.06.001_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1117\/12.428085","article-title":"Flat-panel cone beam CT","volume":"4319","author":"Siewerdsen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Proc SPIE"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0360301604009617?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0360301604009617?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,30]],"date-time":"2019-01-30T03:53:06Z","timestamp":1548820386000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0360301604009617"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,2]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S0360301604009617"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2004.06.001","relation":{},"ISSN":["0360-3016"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0360-3016","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,2]]}}}