{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T01:35:01Z","timestamp":1790645701649,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,11,1]],"date-time":"2004-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1099267200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2004.06.212","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,30]],"date-time":"2004-10-30T18:25:44Z","timestamp":1099160744000},"page":"1314-1324","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":78,"title":["Dose conformation of intensity-modulated stereotactic photon beams, proton beams, and intensity-modulated proton beams for intracranial lesions"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Brigitta G.","family":"Baumert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ian A.","family":"Norton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antony J.","family":"Lomax","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.Bernard","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2004.06.212_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1016\/0360-3016(94)90550-9","article-title":"Experience in charged particle irradiation of tumors of the skull base: 1977\u20131992","volume":"29","author":"Castro","year":"1994","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2004.06.212_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/S1053-4296(99)80056-3","article-title":"Comparison of three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy and intensity-modulated radiation therapy systems","volume":"9","author":"Verhey","year":"1999","journal-title":"Seminars Radiat Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2004.06.212_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1053\/clon.2001.0040","article-title":"High precision focussed irradiation in the form of fractionated stereotactic conformal radiotherapy (SCRT) for benign meningiomas predominantly in the skull base location","volume":"14","author":"Jalali","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2004.06.212_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(00)01457-7","article-title":"Stereotactic proton beam therapy of skull base meningiomas","volume":"49","author":"Vernimmen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2004.06.212_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(02)03809-9","article-title":"Intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) for recurrent, residual, or untreated skull-base meningiomas: Preliminary clinical experience","volume":"55","author":"Pirzkall","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2004.06.212_bib6","series-title":"The physics of three-dimensional radiation therapy","first-page":"172","article-title":"The physics of proton radiotherapy","author":"Webb","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2004.06.212_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1148\/104.1.191","article-title":"Protons in radiation therapy","volume":"104","author":"Koehler","year":"1972","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2004.06.212_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00172765","article-title":"The role of radiotherapy in the treatment of subtotally resected benign meningiomas","volume":"13","author":"Miralbell","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Neurooncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2004.06.212_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1007\/s00066-002-0960-5","article-title":"Highly conformal therapy using proton component in the management of meningiomas","volume":"178","author":"Noel","year":"2002","journal-title":"Strahlenther Onkol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2004.06.212_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(01)01487-0","article-title":"Intensity-modulated stereotactic radiosurgery using dynamic micro-multileaf collimation","volume":"50","author":"Benedict","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2004.06.212_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1118\/1.598478","article-title":"Physical characteristics of a miniature multileaf collimator","volume":"26","author":"Xia","year":"1999","journal-title":"Med Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2004.06.212_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1439","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(00)01422-X","article-title":"A comparison of dose distributions of proton and photon beams in stereotactic conformal radiotherapy of brain lesions","volume":"49","author":"Baumert","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2004.06.212_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(03)00587-X","article-title":"Intensity modulated stereotactic radiotherapy versus stereotactic conformal radiotherapy for the treatment of meningioma predominantly located in the skull base","volume":"57","author":"Baumert","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2004.06.212_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-8140(99)00036-5","article-title":"A treatment planning inter-comparison of proton and intensity modulated photon radiotherapy","volume":"51","author":"Lomax","year":"1999","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2004.06.212_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-8140(02)00308-0","article-title":"Intensity modulation in radiotherapy: Photon versus protons in the paranasal sinus","volume":"66","author":"Lomax","year":"2003","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2004.06.212_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(00)00494-6","article-title":"Optimizing radiotherapy of orbital and paraorbital tumors: Intensity modulated X-ray beams versus intensity modulated proton beams","volume":"47","author":"Miralbell","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2004.06.212_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-8140(03)00117-8","article-title":"Radiotherapy of small intracranial tumours with different advanced techniques using photon and proton beams: A treatment planning study","volume":"68","author":"Bolsi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2004.06.212_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1751","DOI":"10.1118\/1.597961","article-title":"Inverse radiation treatment planning using the dynamically penalized likelihood method","volume":"24","author":"Llacer","year":"1997","journal-title":"Med Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2004.06.212_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2637","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/46\/10\/309","article-title":"Comparative behavior of the dynamically penalized algorithm in inverse radiation therapy planning","volume":"46","author":"Llacer","year":"2001","journal-title":"Phys Med Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2004.06.212_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-8140(99)00020-1","article-title":"Commissioning of a micro multi-leaf collimator and planning system for stereotactic radiosurgery","volume":"50","author":"Cosgrove","year":"1999","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2004.06.212_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-8140(93)90247-6","article-title":"Stereotactically guided fractionated radiotherapy: Technical aspects","volume":"29","author":"Schlegel","year":"1993","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2004.06.212_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1016\/0029-554X(75)90430-9","article-title":"Range modulators for protons and heavy ions","volume":"131","author":"Koehler","year":"1975","journal-title":"Nucl Instrum Meth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2004.06.212_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1118\/1.594317","article-title":"Flattening of proton dose distributions for large field radiotherapy","volume":"4","author":"Koehler","year":"1977","journal-title":"Med Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2004.06.212_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1118\/1.597522","article-title":"The 200-MeV proton therapy project at the Paul Scherrer Institute: Conceptual design and practical realization","volume":"22","author":"Pedroni","year":"1995","journal-title":"Med Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2004.06.212_bib25","series-title":"Quantitative imaging in oncology","first-page":"67","article-title":"3D treatment planning for conformal proton therapy by spot scanning","author":"Lomax","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2004.06.212_bib26","unstructured":"Scheib S. Spot-scanning mit Protonen: Experimentelle Resultate und Therapieplanung [Thesis]. Zurich: Eidgenoessische Hochschule; 1994."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2004.06.212_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/44\/1\/014","article-title":"Intensity modulation methods for proton radiotherapy","volume":"44","author":"Lomax","year":"1999","journal-title":"Phys Med Biol"},{"issue":"Suppl. 3","key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2004.06.212_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2000.93.supplement_3.0219","article-title":"A simple scoring ratio to index the conformity of radiosurgical treatment plans","volume":"93","author":"Paddick","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2004.06.212_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1016\/0360-3016(93)90548-A","article-title":"Radiation Therapy Oncology Group: Radiosurgery quality assurance guidelines","volume":"27","author":"Shaw","year":"1993","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2004.06.212_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1313","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(01)01757-6","article-title":"Dose conformity of gamma knife radiosurgery and risk factors for complication","volume":"51","author":"Nakamura","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2004.06.212_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(02)03806-3","article-title":"Comparison of intensity-modulated radiosurgery with gamma knife radiosurgery for challenging skull base lesions","volume":"55","author":"Nakamura","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2004.06.212_bib32","first-page":"100","article-title":"New techniques in hadrontherapy: Intensity modulated proton beams","volume":"17","author":"Cella","year":"2001","journal-title":"Phys Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2004.06.212_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2111","DOI":"10.1118\/1.597654","article-title":"Comparison of proton and x-ray conformal dose distributions for radiosurgery applications","volume":"22","author":"Serago","year":"1995","journal-title":"Med Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2004.06.212_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(99)00213-8","article-title":"Comparison of intensity-modulated tomotherapy with stereotactically guided conformal radiotherapy for brain tumours","volume":"45","author":"Khoo","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2004.06.212_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(97)00819-5","article-title":"Potential clinical efficacy of intensity-modulated conformal therapy","volume":"40","author":"Meeks","year":"1998","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2004.06.212_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(98)00206-5","article-title":"A comparison of three stereotactic radiotherapy techniques; arcs vs. noncoplanar fixed fields vs","volume":"42","author":"Cardinale","year":"1998","journal-title":"intensity modulation. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2004.06.212_bib37","first-page":"143","article-title":"Intensity-modulated radiosurgery\/radiotherapy using a micromultileaf collimator","volume":"26","author":"Leavitt","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2004.06.212_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(00)01387-0","article-title":"Hypothalamic\/pituitary function following high-dose conformal radiotherapy to the base of skull: Demonstration of a dose-effect relationship using dose-volume histogram analysis","volume":"49","author":"Pai","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2004.06.212_bib39","first-page":"357","article-title":"Second primary tumors after radiotherapy for malignancies","volume":"178","author":"Doerr","year":"2001","journal-title":"Strahlenther Onkol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2004.06.212_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198810203191601","article-title":"Tumors of the brain and nervous system after radiotherapy in children","volume":"319","author":"Ron","year":"1988","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2004.06.212_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1330","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199111073251902","article-title":"Second malignant neoplasms after acute lymphoblastic leukemia in childhood","volume":"325","author":"Neglia","year":"1991","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2004.06.212_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(03)00073-7","article-title":"Radiation-induced second cancers: The impact of 3D-CRT and IMRT","volume":"56","author":"Hall","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2004.06.212_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2001.94.5.0816","article-title":"Glioblastoma multiforme occurring in a patient treated with gamma knife surgery: Case report and review of the literature","volume":"94","author":"Shamisa","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2004.06.212_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)09521-1","article-title":"Malignant transformation of a vestibular schwannoma after gamma knife radiosurgery","volume":"360","author":"Shin","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2004.06.212_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2001.95.4.0710","article-title":"Radiosurgery-induced brain tumor","volume":"95","author":"Kaido","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2004.06.212_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1576","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)03134-2","article-title":"Glioblastoma induction after radiosurgery for meningioma","volume":"356","author":"Yu","year":"2000","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2004.06.212_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1436","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000064809.59806.E8","article-title":"Second tumors after radiosurgery: Tip of an iceberg or a bump in the road?","volume":"52","author":"Loeffler","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2004.06.212_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1520-6823(1998)6:1<18::AID-ROI3>3.0.CO;2-L","article-title":"Dosimetric comparison of stereotactic radiosurgery to intensity modulated radiotherapy","volume":"6","author":"Kramer","year":"1998","journal-title":"Radiat Oncol Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2004.06.212_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1038","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(02)02863-8","article-title":"Conformal radiotherapy optimisation with micromultileaf collimators: Comparison with radiosurgery techniques","volume":"53","author":"Kulik","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2004.06.212_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1325","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(99)00340-5","article-title":"A dosimetric comparison of fan beam intensity modulated radiotherapy with gamma knife stereotactic radiosurgery for treating intermediate intracranial lesions","volume":"45","author":"Ma","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2004.06.212_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/0360-3016(95)02020-C","article-title":"When becometh less more?","volume":"33","author":"Mohan","year":"1995","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2004.06.212_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/0360-3016(95)00113-D","article-title":"Which is the most suitable number of photon beam portals in coplanar radiation therapy?","volume":"33","author":"S\u00f6derstr\u00f6m","year":"1995","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2004.06.212_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1118\/1.597923","article-title":"Number and orientations of beams in intensity-modulated radiation treatments","volume":"24","author":"Stein","year":"1997","journal-title":"Med Phys"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0360301604012763?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0360301604012763?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,3]],"date-time":"2020-04-03T16:06:53Z","timestamp":1585930013000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0360301604012763"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,11]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S0360301604012763"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2004.06.212","relation":{},"ISSN":["0360-3016"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0360-3016","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,11]]}}}