{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T05:20:25Z","timestamp":1778822425968,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630454400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630454400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630454400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630454400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630454400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630454400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630454400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U19-AI067773"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U19-AI067773"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","redjournal.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2021.04.018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,27]],"date-time":"2021-04-27T13:51:37Z","timestamp":1619531497000},"page":"233-239","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Lung Cancer and Heart Disease Risks Associated With Low-Dose Pulmonary Radiotherapy to COVID-19 Patients With Different Background Risks"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"111","author":[{"given":"Igor","family":"Shuryak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lisa A.","family":"Kachnic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David J.","family":"Brenner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2021.04.018_bib0001","unstructured":"WHO. World Heath Organization: Weekly epidemiological update - 5 January 2021. Available at: https:\/\/www.who.int\/emergencies\/diseases\/novel-coronavirus-2019?adgroupsurvey={adgroupsurvey}&gclid=Cj0KCQjwktKFBhCkARIsAJeDT0hGfXhGFN0qbBQ1V-f0DGlgkjfarj75kY7HBK_d_WaSRQO4R-AobnoaAsVIEALw_wcB. Accessed January 6, 2021."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2021.04.018_bib0002","unstructured":"CDC. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), CDC COVID Data Tracker. Available at: https:\/\/covid.cdc.gov\/covid-data-tracker\/#datatracker-home. Accessed January 6, 2021."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2021.04.018_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-020-0311-8","article-title":"The trinity of COVID-19: Immunity, inflammation and intervention","volume":"20","author":"Tay","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2021.04.018_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2020.04.026","article-title":"Low dose radiation therapy for COVID-19 pneumonia: A double-edged sword","volume":"147","author":"Kefayat","year":"2020","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2021.04.018_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1080\/09553002.2021.1846818","article-title":"The risk of induced cancer and ischemic heart disease following low dose lung irradiation for COVID-19: Estimation based on a virtual case","volume":"97","author":"Arruda","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2021.04.018_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2020.04.060","article-title":"Lack of supporting data make the risks of a clinical trial of radiation therapy as a treatment for COVID-19 pneumonia unacceptable","volume":"147","author":"Kirsch","year":"2020","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2021.04.018_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.4103\/atm.ATM_433_20","article-title":"Low-dose radiation therapy for coronavirus disease-2019 pneumonia: Is it time to look beyond apprehensions?","volume":"15","author":"Pandey","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2021.04.018_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5109","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.33130","article-title":"Low-dose whole-lung radiation for COVID-19 pneumonia: Planned day 7 interim analysis of a registered clinical trial","volume":"126","author":"Hess","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2021.04.018_bib0009","first-page":"194","article-title":"Low-dose radiation therapy (LDRT) for COVID-19: Benefits or risks?","author":"Prasanna","year":"2020","journal-title":"Radiat Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2021.04.018_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2020.09.025","article-title":"Immunomodulatory low-dose whole-lung radiation for patients with COVID-19-related pneumonia","author":"Hess","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2021.04.018_bib0011","article-title":"Low dose radiotherapy in the management of covid19 pneumonia (LOWRAD-Cov19). Preliminary report","author":"Sanmamed","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2021.04.018_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2020.07.026","article-title":"Low-dose whole-lung irradiation for COVID-19 pneumonia: Final results of a pilot study","author":"Ameri","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2021.04.018_bib0013","article-title":"Clinician attitudes to using low dose radiotherapy to treat COVID-19 lung disease","author":"Hanna","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2021.04.018_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1007\/s00066-012-0170-8","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory effects of low-dose radiotherapy. Indications, dose, and radiobiological mechanisms involved","volume":"188","author":"Arenas","year":"2012","journal-title":"Strahlentherapie und Onkol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2021.04.018_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/jncics\/pkaa103","article-title":"Low-dose radiation therapy for COVID-19: Promises and pitfalls","volume":"5","author":"Venkatesulu","year":"2021","journal-title":"JNCI Cancer Spectr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2021.04.018_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phro.2020.10.004","article-title":"An efficient planning technique for low dose whole lung radiation therapy for covid-19 pandemic patients","volume":"16","author":"Yuan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Phys Imaging Radiat Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2021.04.018_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6560\/ab9e55","article-title":"Low dose lung radiation therapy for pneumonia: An examination of historical dose distributions","volume":"65","author":"Kirkby","year":"2020","journal-title":"Phys Med Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2021.04.018_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1265","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2020.3557","article-title":"Outcomes of cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging in patients recently recovered from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","volume":"5","author":"Puntmann","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2021.04.018_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2021.606318","article-title":"Right ventricular damage in COVID-19: Association between myocardial injury and COVID-19","volume":"8","author":"Lan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Cardiovasc Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2021.04.018_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocpiqo.2021.01.009","article-title":"Thrombo-inflammatory biomarkers in COVID-19: Systematic review and meta-analysis of 17,052 patients","author":"Chaudhary","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc Innov Qual Outcomes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2021.04.018_bib0021","first-page":"23","article-title":"Anatomical and pathological observation and analysis of SARS and COVID-19: Microthrombosis is the main cause of death","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biol Proced Online"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2021.04.018_bib0022","first-page":"1","article-title":"Commonalities between COVID-19 and radiation injury","volume":"195","author":"Rios","year":"2021","journal-title":"Radiat Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2021.04.018_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2020.04.009","article-title":"COVID-19 and radiation induced pneumonitis: Overlapping clinical features of different diseases","volume":"148","author":"Ippolito","year":"2020","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2021.04.018_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/09553002.2020.1767314","article-title":"Flying by the seat of our pants: Is low dose radiation therapy for COVID-19 an option?","volume":"96","author":"Schaue","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2021.04.018_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1209825","article-title":"Risk of ischemic heart disease in women after radiotherapy for breast cancer","volume":"368","author":"Darby","year":"2013","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2021.04.018_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2018.10.025","article-title":"Radiation dose-response for risk of myocardial infarction in breast cancer survivors","volume":"103","author":"Jacobse","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2021.04.018_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1667\/RR2083.1","article-title":"Radiation and smoking effects on lung cancer incidence among atomic bomb survivors","volume":"174","author":"Furukawa","year":"2010","journal-title":"Radiat Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2021.04.018_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1667\/RR14583.1","article-title":"Lung, laryngeal and other respiratory cancer incidence among Japanese atomic bomb survivors: An updated analysis from 1958 through 2009","volume":"187","author":"Cahoon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Radiat Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2021.04.018_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2021.02.007","article-title":"Mechanisms of radiation-induced endothelium damage: Emerging models and technologies","volume":"158","author":"Wijerathne","year":"2021","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2021.04.018_bib0030","first-page":"10","article-title":"COVID-19 as a vascular disease: Lesson learned from imaging and blood biomarkers","author":"Zamboni","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diagnostics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2021.04.018_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1667\/0033-7587(2002)158[0220:REOBCR]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Radiation effects on breast cancer risk: A pooled analysis of eight cohorts","volume":"158","author":"Preston","year":"2002","journal-title":"Radiat Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2021.04.018_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1667\/RR15015.1","article-title":"Incidence of breast cancer in the life span study of atomic bomb survivors: 1958-2009","volume":"190","author":"Brenner","year":"2018","journal-title":"Radiat Res"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0360301621003795?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0360301621003795?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]],"date-time":"2025-10-06T09:53:22Z","timestamp":1759744402000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0360301621003795"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S0360301621003795"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2021.04.018","relation":{},"ISSN":["0360-3016"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0360-3016","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Lung Cancer and Heart Disease Risks Associated With Low-Dose Pulmonary Radiotherapy to COVID-19 Patients With Different Background Risks","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2021.04.018","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}