{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T12:15:58Z","timestamp":1789215358552,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,1]],"date-time":"2023-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675209600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,1]],"date-time":"2023-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675209600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,11]],"date-time":"2022-08-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1660176000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000650","name":"Institute of Cancer Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000650","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014653","name":"Manchester Biomedical Research Centre","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014653","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000289","name":"Cancer Research UK","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["C7224\/A28724"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C7224\/A28724"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000289","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000289","name":"Cancer Research UK","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["C33589\/A28284"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C33589\/A28284"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000289","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000289","name":"Cancer Research UK","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["C1491\/A25351"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C1491\/A25351"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000289","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000289","name":"Cancer Research UK","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["C8262\/A7253"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C8262\/A7253"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000289","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000289","name":"Cancer Research UK","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["C1491\/A9895"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C1491\/A9895"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000289","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000289","name":"Cancer Research UK","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SP2312\/021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SP2312\/021"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000289","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000289","name":"Cancer Research UK","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["C1491\/A15955"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C1491\/A15955"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000289","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000276","name":"Department of Health and Social Care","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000276","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000272","name":"National Institute for Health and Care Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","redjournal.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2022.08.030","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,17]],"date-time":"2022-08-17T05:24:22Z","timestamp":1660713862000},"page":"327-336","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["The Fraction Size Sensitivity of Late Genitourinary Toxicity: Analysis of Alpha\/Beta (\u03b1\/\u03b2) Ratios in the CHHiP Trial"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"115","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1130-4520","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Douglas H.","family":"Brand","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah C.","family":"Br\u00fcningk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Wilkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olivia","family":"Naismith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annie","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabel","family":"Syndikus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David P.","family":"Dearnaley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas","family":"van As","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emma","family":"Hall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Gulliford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alison C.","family":"Tree","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2022.08.030_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2020.09.042","article-title":"EAU-EANM-ESTRO-ESUR-SIOG guidelines on prostate cancer\u20142020 update. Part 1: Screening, diagnosis, and local treatment with curative intent","volume":"79","author":"Mottet","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2022.08.030_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prro.2018.08.002","article-title":"Hypofractionated radiation therapy for localized prostate cancer: Executive summary of an ASTRO, ASCO, and AUA evidence-based guideline","volume":"8","author":"Morgan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pract Radiat Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2022.08.030_bib0003","unstructured":"NICE. Prostate cancer: Diagnosis and management. NICE guideline [NG131]. 2019. Available at: https:\/\/www.nice.org.uk\/guidance\/NG131. Accessed June 1, 2020."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2022.08.030_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(16)30102-4","article-title":"Conventional versus hypofractionated high-dose intensity-modulated radiotherapy for prostate cancer: 5-year outcomes of the randomised, non-inferiority, phase 3 CHHiP trial","volume":"17","author":"Dearnaley","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2022.08.030_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1884","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2016.71.7397","article-title":"Randomized trial of a hypofractionated radiation regimen for the treatment of localized prostate cancer","volume":"35","author":"Catton","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2022.08.030_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2325","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2016.67.0448","article-title":"Randomized phase III noninferiority study comparing two radiotherapy fractionation schedules in patients with low-risk prostate cancer","volume":"34","author":"Lee","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2022.08.030_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(01)01607-8","article-title":"Is \u03b1\/\u03b2 for prostate tumors really low?","volume":"50","author":"Fowler","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2022.08.030_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2017.12.011","article-title":"Dose response and fractionation sensitivity of prostate cancer after external beam radiation therapy: A meta-analysis of randomized trials","volume":"100","author":"Vogelius","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2022.08.030_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1080\/14737140.2018.1477595","article-title":"How will the CHHiP trial affect the future of prostate radiotherapy?","volume":"18","author":"Dearnaley","year":"2018","journal-title":"Expert Rev Anticancer Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2022.08.030_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2004.04.014","article-title":"Fractionation and late rectal toxicity","volume":"60","author":"Brenner","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2022.08.030_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-9966-28-117","article-title":"Modeling of alpha\/beta for late rectal toxicity from a randomized phase II study: Conventional versus hypofractionated scheme for localized prostate cancer","volume":"28","author":"Marzi","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Exp Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2022.08.030_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2010.11.080","article-title":"Estimation of \u03b1\/\u03b2 for late rectal toxicity based on RTOG 94-06","volume":"81","author":"Tucker","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2022.08.030_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2020.12.041","article-title":"Estimates of alpha\/beta (\u03b1\/\u03b2) ratios for individual late rectal toxicity endpoints: An analysis of the CHHiP trial","volume":"110","author":"Brand","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2022.08.030_bib0014","first-page":"307","article-title":"Late functional response of mouse urinary bladder to fractionated X-irradiation","volume":"75","author":"D\u00f6rr","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2022.08.030_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-8140(92)90251-O","article-title":"Fractionation sensitivity and latency of late radiation injury to the mouse urinary bladder","volume":"25","author":"Bentzen","year":"1992","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2022.08.030_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1250","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2014.08.347","article-title":"Modelling the impact of fractionation on late urinary toxicity after postprostatectomy radiation therapy","volume":"90","author":"Fiorino","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2022.08.030_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2017.07.029","article-title":"Patient-reported urinary incontinence after radiotherapy for prostate cancer: Quantifying the dose-effect","volume":"125","author":"Cozzarini","year":"2017","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2022.08.030_bib0018","first-page":"1334","article-title":"Toxicity criteria of the radiation therapy oncology group (RTOG) and the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC)","volume":"3","author":"Cox","year":"1995","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2022.08.030_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2007.02.014","article-title":"The early toxicity of escalated versus standard dose conformal radiotherapy with neo-adjuvant androgen suppression for patients with localised prostate cancer: Results from the MRC RT01 trial (ISRCTN47772397)","volume":"83","author":"Dearnaley","year":"2007","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2022.08.030_bib0020","first-page":"1","article-title":"LENT SOMA tables","volume":"35","year":"1995","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2022.08.030_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2008.04.053","article-title":"Analysis of radiation pneumonitis risk using a generalized Lyman Model","volume":"72","author":"Tucker","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2022.08.030_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1093\/comjnl\/7.4.308","article-title":"A simplex method for function minimization","volume":"7","author":"Nelder","year":"1965","journal-title":"Comput J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2022.08.030_bib0023","first-page":"548","article-title":"Improvements on cross-validation: The .632+ bootstrap method","volume":"92","author":"Efron","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Am Stat Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2022.08.030_bib0024","unstructured":"Bonferroni CE. Teoria statistica delle classi e calcolo delle probabilit\u00e0. (1936)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2022.08.030_bib0025","unstructured":"D'Errico J. fminsearchbnd, fminsearchcon. (2012). Available at:https:\/\/uk.mathworks.com\/matlabcentral\/fileexchange\/8277-fminsearchbnd-fminsearchcon. Accessed January 8, 2020."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2022.08.030_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(16)30070-5","article-title":"Hypofractionated versus conventionally fractionated radiotherapy for patients with localised prostate cancer (HYPRO): Final efficacy results from a randomised, multicentre, open-label, phase 3 trial","volume":"17","author":"Incrocci","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2022.08.030_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)31131-6","article-title":"Ultra-hypofractionated versus conventionally fractionated radiotherapy for prostate cancer: 5-year outcomes of the HYPO-RT-PC randomised, non-inferiority, phase 3 trial","volume":"394","author":"Widmark","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2022.08.030_bib0028","series-title":"ESTRO 2021: Presentation Number: OC-0289","article-title":"Comparison of side effects at 2 years in the randomised PACE-B trial (SBRT vs standard radiotherapy)","author":"Tree","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2022.08.030_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euf.2017.10.011","article-title":"Conventional versus hypofractionated radiation therapy for localized prostate cancer: A meta-analysis of randomized noninferiority trials","volume":"5","author":"Royce","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur Urol Focus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2022.08.030_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(20)30581-7","article-title":"Ultra-hypofractionated versus conventionally fractionated radiotherapy for prostate cancer (HYPO-RT-PC): Patient-reported quality-of-life outcomes of a randomised, controlled, non-inferiority, phase 3 trial","volume":"22","author":"Fransson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2022.08.030_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1007\/s00066-018-1395-y","article-title":"Patient- versus physician-reported outcomes in prostate cancer patients receiving hypofractionated radiotherapy within a randomized controlled trial","volume":"195","author":"Rammant","year":"2019","journal-title":"Strahlentherapie Onkol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2022.08.030_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2020.01174","article-title":"Increased dose to organs in urinary tract associates with measures of genitourinary toxicity in pooled voxel-based analysis of 3 randomized phase III trials","volume":"10","author":"Marcello","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2022.08.030_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2017.04.008","article-title":"Delivered dose can be a better predictor of rectal toxicity than planned dose in prostate radiotherapy","volume":"123","author":"Shelley","year":"2017","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0360301622031339?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0360301622031339?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T14:49:27Z","timestamp":1777560567000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0360301622031339"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S0360301622031339"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2022.08.030","relation":{},"ISSN":["0360-3016"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0360-3016","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The Fraction Size Sensitivity of Late Genitourinary Toxicity: Analysis of Alpha\/Beta (\u03b1\/\u03b2) Ratios in the CHHiP Trial","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2022.08.030","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}