{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T08:27:36Z","timestamp":1786523256115,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":93,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","redjournal.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2026.02.236","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T16:26:32Z","timestamp":1772555192000},"page":"102-117","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Executive Summary of the American Radium Society Appropriate Use Criteria for Extranodal Natural Killer\/T-cell Lymphoma"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"126","author":[{"given":"Savita V.","family":"Dandapani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sairah","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy","family":"Robinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ranjana","family":"Advani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Bates","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Louis S.","family":"Constine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bouthaina","family":"Dabaja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chul S.","family":"Ha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bradford S.","family":"Hoppe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raymond Mailhot","family":"Vega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer L.","family":"Peterson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chelsea C.","family":"Pinnix","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Plastaras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sherif G.","family":"Shaaban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan Y.","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah A.","family":"Milgrom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2026.02.236_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3176","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.30697","article-title":"The impact of the omission or inadequate dosing of radiotherapy in extranodal natural killer T-cell lymphoma, nasal type, in the United States","volume":"123","author":"Vargo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2026.02.236_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1400","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2015-07-655191","article-title":"Nasal NK\/T-cell lymphoma: RT, CT, or both","volume":"126","author":"Tse","year":"2015","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2026.02.236_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1080\/17474086.2016.1206465","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of extranodal NK\/T cell lymphoma nasal type","volume":"9","author":"Tse","year":"2016","journal-title":"Expert Rev Hematol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2026.02.236_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(09)70265-7","article-title":"Management of T-cell and natural-killer-cell neoplasms in Asia: Consensus statement from the Asian Oncology Summit 2009","volume":"10","author":"Kwong","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2026.02.236_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"n71","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"372","author":"Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2026.02.236_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"n160","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n160","article-title":"PRISMA 2020 explanation and elaboration: Updated guidance and exemplars for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"372","author":"Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2026.02.236_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/jjco\/hyi006","article-title":"Treatment outcome of angiocentric T-cell and NK\/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type: Radiotherapy versus chemoradiotherapy","volume":"35","author":"Kim","year":"2005","journal-title":"Jpn J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2026.02.236_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.1007\/s12032-009-9288-7","article-title":"Treatment outcome of radiotherapy alone versus radiochemotherapy in early stage nasal natural killer\/T-cell lymphoma","volume":"27","author":"Ma","year":"2010","journal-title":"Med Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2026.02.236_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1809","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2010.10.040","article-title":"Radiotherapy alone with curative intent in patients with stage I extranodal nasal-type NK\/T-cell lymphoma","volume":"82","author":"Li","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2026.02.236_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5952","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.1849","article-title":"Risk-dependent curability of radiotherapy for elderly patients with early-stage extranodal nasal-type NK\/T-cell lymphoma: A multicenter study from the China Lymphoma Collaborative Group (CLCG)","volume":"7","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cancer Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2026.02.236_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1424","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2015-04-639336","article-title":"Risk-adapted therapy for early-stage extranodal nasal-type NK\/T-cell lymphoma: Analysis from a multicenter study","volume":"126","author":"Yang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2026.02.236_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.25878","article-title":"Risk-based, response-adapted therapy for early-stage extranodal nasal-type NK\/T-cell lymphoma in the modern chemotherapy era: A China Lymphoma Collaborative Group study","volume":"95","author":"Qi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Hematol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2026.02.236_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1470","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.33329","article-title":"Radiotherapy vs sequential pegaspargase, gemcitabine, cisplatin and dexamethasone and radiotherapy in newly diagnosed early natural killer\/T-cell lymphoma: A randomized, controlled, open-label, multicenter study","volume":"148","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2026.02.236_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.20892\/j.issn.2095-3941.2020.0160","article-title":"Outcomes of patients treated with SVILE vs. P-GemOx for extranodal natural killer\/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type: A prospective, randomized controlled study","volume":"17","author":"Wei","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancer Biol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2026.02.236_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.esmoop.2021.100206","article-title":"Association of improved overall survival with decreased distant metastasis following asparaginase-based chemotherapy and radiotherapy for intermediate- and high-risk early-stage extranodal nasal-type NK\/T-cell lymphoma: A CLCG study","volume":"6","author":"Zheng","year":"2021","journal-title":"ESMO Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2026.02.236_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/17588359241285981","article-title":"Optimizing the combination of chemotherapeutic drugs along with radiotherapy for extranodal NK\/T-cell lymphoma","volume":"16","author":"Luo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ther Adv Med Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2026.02.236_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2351","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19951201)76:11<2351::AID-CNCR2820761125>3.0.CO;2-1","article-title":"Frequent expression of P-glycoprotein\/MDR1 by nasal T-cell lymphoma cells","volume":"76","author":"Yamaguchi","year":"1995","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2026.02.236_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2375","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2016-01-643569","article-title":"The 2016 revision of the World Health Organization classification of lymphoid neoplasms","volume":"127","author":"Swerdlow","year":"2016","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2026.02.236_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2062","DOI":"10.1080\/10428194.2018.1562184","article-title":"Phase 1\/2 study of alemtuzumab with dose-adjusted EPOCH in untreated aggressive T and NK cell lymphomas","volume":"60","author":"Roswarski","year":"2019","journal-title":"Leuk Lymphoma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2026.02.236_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.3109\/10428194.2013.816700","article-title":"Bevacizumab and cyclosphosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisone in combination for patients with peripheral T-cell or natural killer cell neoplasms: An Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group study (E2404)","volume":"55","author":"Ganjoo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Leuk Lymphoma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2026.02.236_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8508","DOI":"10.1200\/jco.2013.31.15_suppl.8508","article-title":"Phase II\/III randomized trial of CID-ATT with radiotherapy compared with CHOP with radiotherapy as first-line treatment for previously untreated early staging extranodal NK\/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type (ENKL)","volume":"31","author":"Lin","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2026.02.236_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2006.11.020","article-title":"Combined chemoradiation for the management of nasal natural killer (NK)\/T-cell lymphoma: Elucidating the significance of systemic chemotherapy","volume":"44","author":"Guo","year":"2008","journal-title":"Oral Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2026.02.236_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-022-01293-5","article-title":"How we treat NK\/T-cell lymphomas","volume":"15","author":"Tse","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Hematol Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2026.02.236_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1002\/hon.2325","article-title":"A phase 2 study of methotrexate, etoposide, dexamethasone, and pegaspargase chemotherapy for newly diagnosed, relapsed, or refractory extranodal natural killer\/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type: A multicenter trial in Northwest China","volume":"35","author":"Liang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hematol Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2026.02.236_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2928","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2018-99-113265","article-title":"Pegaspargase with concurrent radiotherapy in a once-every-three-weeks schedule in patients with newly diagnosed, stage IE to IIE, nasal, extranodal NK\/T-cell lymphoma: A phase II study","volume":"132","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2026.02.236_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1007\/s12032-014-0860-4","volume":"31","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Med Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2026.02.236_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1725","DOI":"10.1634\/theoncologist.2020-0144","article-title":"Pegaspargase combined with concurrent radiotherapy for early-stage extranodal natural killer\/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type: A two-center phase II study","volume":"25","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Oncologist"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2026.02.236_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1032","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdp418","article-title":"Prognostic factors for mature natural killer (NK) cell neoplasms: Aggressive NK cell leukemia and extranodal NK cell lymphoma, nasal type","volume":"21","author":"Suzuki","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2026.02.236_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-014-2244-4","article-title":"Early radiotherapy has an essential role for improving survival in patients with stage I-II nasal-type of NK\/T cell lymphoma treated with l-asparaginase-containing chemotherapy\u2013a single institution experience","volume":"94","author":"Zang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Hematol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2026.02.236_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2889","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-021-04700-y","article-title":"The optimal timing of radiotherapy in the combination treatment of limited-stage extranodal natural killer\/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type: An updated meta-analysis","volume":"100","author":"Cui","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Hematol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2026.02.236_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2679","DOI":"10.1080\/10428194.2019.1599111","article-title":"Upfront radiation is essential for high-risk early-stage extranodal NK\/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type: Comparison of two sequential treatment modalities combining radiotherapy and GDP (gemcitabine, dexamethasone, and cisplatin) in the modern era","volume":"60","author":"Qi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Leuk Lymphoma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2026.02.236_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-018-0687-0","article-title":"Treatment of localized extranodal NK\/T cell lymphoma, nasal type: A systematic review","volume":"11","author":"Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Hematol Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2026.02.236_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2015.07.2267","article-title":"Concurrent chemoradiation therapy followed by consolidation chemotherapy for localized extranodal natural killer\/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type","volume":"93","author":"Oh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2026.02.236_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4044","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2012.45.6541","article-title":"Concurrent chemoradiotherapy for localized nasal natural killer\/T-cell lymphoma: An updated analysis of the Japan clinical oncology group study JCOG0211","volume":"30","author":"Yamaguchi","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2026.02.236_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5594","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2009.23.8295","article-title":"Phase I\/II study of concurrent chemoradiotherapy for localized nasal natural killer\/T-cell lymphoma: Japan Clinical Oncology Group Study JCOG0211","volume":"27","author":"Yamaguchi","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2026.02.236_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2016.68.1619","article-title":"Treatments and outcomes of patients with extranodal natural killer\/T-cell lymphoma diagnosed between 2000 and 2013: A Cooperative Study in Japan","volume":"35","author":"Yamaguchi","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2026.02.236_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6027","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2009.23.8592","article-title":"Phase II trial of concurrent radiation and weekly cisplatin followed by VIPD chemotherapy in newly diagnosed, stage IE to IIE, nasal, extranodal NK\/T-Cell Lymphoma: Consortium for Improving Survival of Lymphoma study","volume":"27","author":"Kim","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2026.02.236_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1111\/ejh.12405","article-title":"Long-term results of a phase II trial with frontline concurrent chemoradiotherapy followed by consolidation chemotherapy for localized nasal natural killer\/T-cell lymphoma","volume":"94","author":"Tsai","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Haematol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2026.02.236_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S678","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2014.05.1996","article-title":"Better outcome in stage I-II nasal-type of NK\/T cell lymphoma treated with radiation therapy followed by etoposide and\/or l-asparaginase containing chemotherapy regimen","volume":"90","author":"Zang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2026.02.236_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85584","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.11319","article-title":"Phase II trial of concurrent chemoradiotherapy with l-asparaginase and MIDLE chemotherapy for newly diagnosed stage I\/II extranodal NK\/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type (CISL-1008)","volume":"7","author":"Yoon","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2026.02.236_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdx684","article-title":"Sequential chemotherapy\/radiotherapy was comparable with concurrent chemoradiotherapy for stage I\/II NK\/T-cell lymphoma","volume":"29","author":"Kwong","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2026.02.236_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3331","DOI":"10.1080\/10428194.2020.1811864","article-title":"Modified SMILE (mSMILE) and intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) for extranodal NK-T lymphoma nasal type in a single-center population","volume":"61","author":"Ghione","year":"2020","journal-title":"Leuk Lymphoma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2026.02.236_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1481","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.26335","article-title":"Sequential P-GEMOX and radiotherapy for early-stage extranodal natural killer\/T-cell lymphoma: A multicenter study","volume":"96","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Hematol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2026.02.236_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.leukres.2022.106881","article-title":"DDGP followed by radiotherapy vs VIPD followed by radiotherapy in newly diagnosed early NK\/T-cell lymphoma","volume":"118","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Leuk Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2026.02.236_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1036","DOI":"10.3892\/ol.2015.3327","article-title":"First-line combination of GELOX followed by radiation therapy for patients with stage IE\/IIE ENKTL: An updated analysis with long-term follow-up","volume":"10","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Oncol Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2026.02.236_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.17960","article-title":"GELAD chemotherapy with sandwiched radiotherapy for patients with newly diagnosed stage IE\/IIE natural killer\/T-cell lymphoma: A prospective multicentre study","volume":"196","author":"Zhu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2026.02.236_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.leukres.2016.08.015","article-title":"Clinical impact of induction treatment modalities and optimal timing of radiotherapy for the treatment of limited-stage NK\/T cell lymphoma","volume":"49","author":"Moon","year":"2016","journal-title":"Leuk Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2026.02.236_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8549","DOI":"10.1200\/jco.2015.33.15_suppl.8549","article-title":"Clinical significance of radiotherapy in the treatment of limited stage NK\/T cell lymphoma","volume":"33","author":"Lee","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2026.02.236_bib0049","article-title":"Hemoglobin level, a prognostic factor for nasal extranodal natural killer\/T-cell lymphoma patients from stage I to IV: A validated prognostic nomogram","volume":"7","author":"Cao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2026.02.236_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1146","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2018-01-829424","article-title":"Oncogenic activation of the STAT3 pathway drives PD-L1 expression in natural killer\/T-cell lymphoma","volume":"132","author":"Song","year":"2018","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2026.02.236_bib0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-017-0004-x","article-title":"Oncogenic activation of JAK3-STAT signaling confers clinical sensitivity to PRN371, a novel selective and potent JAK3 inhibitor, in natural killer\/T-cell lymphoma","volume":"32","author":"Nairism\u00e4gi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2026.02.236_bib0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1038\/s41416-019-0570-y","article-title":"Are we over-treating with checkpoint inhibitors?","volume":"121","author":"Danson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2026.02.236_bib0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.18957","article-title":"First-line immunotherapy with anti-PD-1 antibody for extranodal NK\/T-cell lymphoma: A retrospective study","volume":"202","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2026.02.236_bib0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-025-13812-x","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of PD-1\/PD-L1 inhibitors for natural killer\/T-cell lymphoma: A single-arm meta-analysis","volume":"25","author":"Yang","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2026.02.236_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.26922","article-title":"A phase II study of sintilimab, anlotinib, and pegaspargase sandwiched with radiotherapy as first-line therapy in patients with newly diagnosed, stage I-II extranodal natural-killer\/T-cell lymphoma","volume":"98","author":"Sun","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Hematol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2026.02.236_bib0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e336","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3026(24)00066-8","article-title":"First-line sintilimab with pegaspargase, gemcitabine, and oxaliplatin in advanced extranodal natural killer\/T cell lymphoma (SPIRIT): A multicentre, single-arm, phase 2 trial","volume":"11","author":"Tian","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Haematol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2026.02.236_bib0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-024-01782-8","article-title":"Anti-metabolic agent pegaspargase plus PD-1 antibody sintilimab for first-line treatment in advanced natural killer T cell lymphoma","volume":"9","author":"Xiong","year":"2024","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2026.02.236_bib0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3141","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2020001852","article-title":"First-line non-anthracycline-based chemotherapy for extranodal nasal-type NK\/T-cell lymphoma: A retrospective analysis from the CLCG","volume":"4","author":"Qi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Blood Adv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2026.02.236_bib0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.569","article-title":"Five-year analysis from phase 2 trial of \"sandwich\" chemoradiotherapy in newly diagnosed, stage IE to IIE, nasal type, extranodal natural killer\/T-cell lymphoma","volume":"5","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cancer Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2026.02.236_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1080\/10245332.2016.1264163","article-title":"Effectiveness of pegaspargase, gemcitabine, and oxaliplatin (P-GEMOX) chemotherapy combined with radiotherapy in newly diagnosed, stage IE to IIE, nasal-type, extranodal natural killer\/T-cell lymphoma","volume":"22","author":"Wei","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hematology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2026.02.236_bib0061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1600","DOI":"10.3109\/10428194.2015.1108415","article-title":"Sequential DICE combined with l-asparaginase chemotherapy followed by involved field radiation in newly diagnosed, stage IE to IIE, nasal and extranodal NK\/T-cell lymphoma","volume":"57","author":"Dong","year":"2016","journal-title":"Leuk Lymphoma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2026.02.236_bib0062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2017.10.011","article-title":"A phase II study of methotrexate, etoposide, dexamethasone and pegaspargase sandwiched with radiotherapy in the treatment of newly diagnosed, stage IE to IIE extranodal natural-killer\/T-cell lymphoma, nasal-type","volume":"25","author":"Xu","year":"2017","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2026.02.236_bib0063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2973","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2012-05-431460","article-title":"SMILE for natural killer\/T-cell lymphoma: Analysis of safety and efficacy from the Asia Lymphoma Study Group","volume":"120","author":"Kwong","year":"2012","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2026.02.236_bib0064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1895","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-014-2137-6","article-title":"Concurrent chemoradiotherapy followed by l-asparaginase-containing chemotherapy, VIDL, for localized nasal extranodal NK\/T cell lymphoma: CISL08-01 phase II study","volume":"93","author":"Kim","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Hematol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2026.02.236_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2019-127811","article-title":"Efficacy and survival in newly diagnosed advanced extranodal natural killer\/T-cell lymphoma: A randomized, controlled, multicenter and open-labled study with DDGP regimen versus SMILE regimen","volume":"134","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2026.02.236_bib0066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5223","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-16-0153","article-title":"DDGP versus SMILE in newly diagnosed advanced natural killer\/T-cell lymphoma: A randomized controlled, multicenter, open-label study in China","volume":"22","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2026.02.236_bib0067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4410","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2011.35.6287","article-title":"Phase II study of SMILE chemotherapy for newly diagnosed stage IV, relapsed, or refractory extranodal natural killer (NK)\/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type: The NK-Cell Tumor Study Group study","volume":"29","author":"Yamaguchi","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2026.02.236_bib0068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1111\/cts.12893","article-title":"DDGP vs. SMILE in relapsed\/refractory extranodal natural killer\/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type: A retrospective study of 54 patients","volume":"14","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Transl Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2026.02.236_bib0069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1569","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2019-123478","article-title":"Clinical outcome of an multicentre, randomized, phase II clinical trial for patients with extranodal NK\/T cell lymphoma treated By P-GEMOX or aspametdex","volume":"134","author":"Huang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2026.02.236_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.28901","article-title":"Comparison of chemotherapy with or without asparaginase for extranodal nasal NK\/T-cell lymphoma in children and adolescents","volume":"68","author":"Zhen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pediatr Blood Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2026.02.236_bib0071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2025.09.017","article-title":"Survival benefit of adjuvant radiation therapy following asparaginase-based chemotherapy in patients with chemoresponsive advanced-stage extranodal NK\/T cell lymphoma: A Multicenter Study Using the China Lymphoma Collaborative Group database","volume":"124","author":"Su","year":"2026","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2026.02.236_bib0072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2437","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2016-12-756841","article-title":"PD1 blockade with pembrolizumab is highly effective in relapsed or refractory NK\/T-cell lymphoma failing l-asparaginase","volume":"129","author":"Kwong","year":"2017","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2026.02.236_bib0073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58396","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.11135","article-title":"The DDGP (cisplatin, dexamethasone, gemcitabine, and pegaspargase) regimen for treatment of extranodal natural killer (NK)\/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type","volume":"7","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2026.02.236_bib0074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1826","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2017.07.027","volume":"23","author":"Kharfan-Dabaja","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biol Blood Marrow Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2026.02.236_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-012-1611-2","article-title":"Survival benefit with salvage radiotherapy for patients with locoregionally recurrent extranodal NK\/T cell lymphoma, nasal type","volume":"92","author":"Zhao","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Hematol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2026.02.236_bib0076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/srep23996","article-title":"Consolidative treatment after salvage chemotherapy improves prognosis in patients with relapsed extranodal natural killer\/T-cell lymphoma","volume":"6","author":"Nie","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2026.02.236_bib0077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2008.08.066","article-title":"Salvage treatment improved survival of patients with relapsed extranodal natural killer\/t-cell lymphoma, nasal type","volume":"74","author":"Zhang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2026.02.236_bib0078","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2021.01.041","article-title":"International recommendations on reirradiation by intensity modulated radiation therapy for locally recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma","volume":"110","author":"Ng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2026.02.236_bib0079","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2011.07.006","article-title":"Intensity-modulated radiation therapy in the salvage of locally recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma","volume":"83","author":"Qiu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2026.02.236_bib0080","first-page":"786","article-title":"Short and long term clinical efficacy of IMRT and CRT for treatment of patients with ENKTL","volume":"25","author":"Cui","year":"2017","journal-title":"Zhongguo Shi Yan Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2026.02.236_bib0081","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1007\/s12032-013-0637-1","article-title":"Combined therapy in untreated patients improves outcome in nasal NK\/T lymphoma: Results of a clinical trial","volume":"30","author":"Avil\u00e9s","year":"2013","journal-title":"Med Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2026.02.236_bib0082","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2369","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2018021311","article-title":"Risk-adapted survival benefit of IMRT in early-stage NKTCL: A multicenter study from the China Lymphoma Collaborative Group","volume":"2","author":"Wu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Blood Adv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2026.02.236_bib0083","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2608","DOI":"10.3109\/10428194.2015.1014364","article-title":"Proton therapy in the management of non-Hodgkin lymphoma","volume":"56","author":"Sachsman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Leuk Lymphoma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2026.02.236_bib0084","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2016.5094","article-title":"Association of improved locoregional control with prolonged survival in early-stage extranodal nasal-type natural killer\/T-cell lymphoma","volume":"3","author":"Yang","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2026.02.236_bib0085","first-page":"1390","article-title":"Retrospective analysis of clinical features and prognosis of 84 patients with extranodal NK\/T cell lymphoma in one center","volume":"25","author":"Yang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Zhongguo Shi Yan Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi"},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2026.02.236_bib0086","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3062","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2024-201965","article-title":"Reduction of radiotherapy intensity after achieving complete remission with induction chemotherapy in newly diagnosed stage I\/II extranodal NK\/T-cell lymphoma: A prospective study","volume":"144","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2026.02.236_bib0087","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5875","DOI":"10.2147\/OTT.S116591","article-title":"Radiation dose reduction for patients with extranodal NK\/T-cell lymphoma with complete response after initial induction chemotherapy","volume":"9","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Onco Targets Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2026.02.236_bib0088","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S656","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-8049(16)31799-3","article-title":"Concurrent chemoradiotherapy in combination with IMRT and DeVIC therapy for localized nasal NK\/T-cell lymphoma","volume":"51","author":"Tsujimura","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2026.02.236_bib0089","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2016.06.415","article-title":"Alarming rates of omission or inadequate radiation therapy in extranodal natural killer T-cell lymphoma nasal type in the United States","volume":"96","author":"Vargo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2026.02.236_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1064","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2021.02.011","article-title":"Modern radiation therapy for extranodal nasal-type NK\/T-cell lymphoma: Risk-adapted therapy, target volume, and dose guidelines from the International Lymphoma Radiation Oncology Group","volume":"110","author":"Qi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2026.02.236_bib0091","article-title":"Early-stage extranodal NK\/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type: A role for elective nodal irradiation?","volume":"9","author":"Fang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv Radiat Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2026.02.236_bib0092","first-page":"2714","article-title":"Dynamic change in Epstein-Barr virus DNA predicts prognosis in early stage natural killer\/T-cell lymphoma with pegaspargase-based treatment: Long-term follow-up and biomarker analysis from the NHL-004 multicenter randomized study","volume":"110","author":"Zhong","year":"2025","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2026.02.236_bib0093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ix111","DOI":"10.1016\/S0923-7534(21)00514-7","article-title":"Early stage natural killer\/T cell lymphoma with local tumor invasiveness treated with a uniform SMILE protocol: An institutional study from India","volume":"27","author":"Gupta","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0360301626004293?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0360301626004293?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T07:33:53Z","timestamp":1786520033000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0360301626004293"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":93,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S0360301626004293"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2026.02.236","relation":{},"ISSN":["0360-3016"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0360-3016","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Executive Summary of the American Radium Society Appropriate Use Criteria for Extranodal Natural Killer\/T-cell Lymphoma","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2026.02.236","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}