{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T12:21:01Z","timestamp":1781698861970,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,1]],"date-time":"2014-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1388534400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,19]],"date-time":"2013-12-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1387411200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>INTRODUCTION:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patellar instability can be considered as a rapidly increasing musculoskeletal subject of interest. It is now well accepted that multiple factors can produce this pathological condition, isolated, but more often in concert. One major static compound is found to be in trochlear dysplasia. It has been stated that the form of the trochlear surface is primary and genetically bilaterally determined already before use. According to these data, recurrent dislocation of the patella has been described as a hereditary disease with autosomal dominant transmission. Against this assumption, we hypothesize that subjects may devise a flattened trochlea when there is no significant biomechanical interplay and thus input between the patella and the distal femur during developmental growth; according to the assumption form follows function.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>PRESENTATION OF CASE:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this context, we report the case of a 16-year old male who previously suffered from a traumatic patellar dislocation during sporting activity in his below-knee amputated lower extremity, which occured at age of 18 months. The patient was allocated with a high-grade trochlear dysplasia in his previously amputated limb, while presenting a normal trochlear shape at his healthy contralateral leg.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>DISCUSSION:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This rare case therefore reprents the history of an individuum with identic genetic predisposition and different biomechanical influences during childhood, which makes it of high clinical interest. In presence of trochlear dysplasia the patient suffered reluxation and concurrent subjective instability on the lower limb affected by the amputation which was treated with medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) plasty using an autologous gracilis graft.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSION:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>One has to consider that a certain biomechanical input may be required for the development of a physiologic trochlear groove.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijscr.2013.12.021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,25]],"date-time":"2013-12-25T00:45:39Z","timestamp":1387932339000},"page":"91-94","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Does form follow function in trochlear dysplasia? Case report of patellar instability in a below-knee amputee"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Gian M.","family":"Salzmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Dovi-Akue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Klaus","family":"W\u00e4tzig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Norbert P.","family":"S\u00fcdkamp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philipp","family":"Niemeyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-15-20260114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2751","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.H.00211","article-title":"Patellar instability","volume":"90","author":"Colvin","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"R2-15-20260114","first-page":"45","article-title":"Dysplasia of the femoral trochlea","volume":"76","author":"Dejour","year":"1990","journal-title":"Rev Chir Orthop Reparatrice Appar Mot"},{"key":"R3-15-20260114","first-page":"38","article-title":"Formation of the femoropatellar part of the human knee joint","volume":"33","author":"Doskocil","year":"1985","journal-title":"Folia Morphol (Praha"},{"key":"R4-15-20260114","first-page":"155","article-title":"Patellar subluxation: where are we in 1995?","volume":"61","author":"Dupont","year":"1995","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Belg"},{"key":"R5-15-20260114","first-page":"407","article-title":"Anatomic study of the anterior patellar groove in the fetal period","volume":"89","author":"Garron","year":"2003","journal-title":"Rev Chir Orthop Reparatrice Appar Mot"},{"key":"R6-15-20260114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1841","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-012-2163-7","article-title":"Development of the femoral trochlear groove in rabbits with patellar malposition","volume":"21","author":"Kaymaz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc"},{"key":"R7-15-20260114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.60B2.659465","article-title":"Familial recurrent dislocation of the patella","volume":"60-B","author":"Miller","year":"1978","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"R8-15-20260114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.76B5.8083274","article-title":"The femoral sulcus in children. An ultrasonographic study","volume":"76","author":"Nietosvaara","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"R9-15-20260114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1097\/01241398-199701000-00012","article-title":"The cartilaginous femoral sulcus in children with patellar dislocation: an ultrasonographic study","volume":"17","author":"Nietosvaara","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"key":"R10-15-20260114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-009-0912-y","article-title":"Comparison of native axial radiographs with axial MR imaging for determination of the trochlear morphology in patients with trochlear dysplasia","volume":"130","author":"Salzmann","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch Orthop Trauma Surg"},{"key":"R11-15-20260114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-009-0868-z","article-title":"Anatomical double-bundle MPFL reconstruction with an aperture fixation","volume":"18","author":"Schottle","year":"2010","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc"},{"key":"R12-15-20260114","first-page":"373","article-title":"The origin of femoral trochlear dysplasia: comparative anatomy, evolution, and growth of the patellofemoral joint","volume":"87","author":"Tardieu","year":"2001","journal-title":"Rev Chir Orthop Reparatrice Appar Mot"},{"key":"R13-15-20260114","first-page":"360","article-title":"The development of the patella","volume":"74","author":"Walmsley","year":"1940","journal-title":"J Anat"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Surgery Case Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2210261213003660?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2210261213003660?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/01612930-201405020-00015","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T13:22:02Z","timestamp":1768396922000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/01612930-201405020-00015"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,1]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijscr.2013.12.021","relation":{},"ISSN":["2210-2612"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2210-2612","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,1]]}}}