{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T23:34:21Z","timestamp":1791329661635,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"C","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,1]],"date-time":"2015-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1420070400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,25]],"date-time":"2015-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1440460800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":236,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>INTRODUCTION:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This article unveils a case of the classic styloid syndrome and states that panoramic imaging and ultrasound can be an alternative to computed tomography. In addition, the endoscope-assisted extraoral approach using CT-based navigation is useful. Eagle\u2019s Syndrome is an aggregate of symptoms described by Eagle in 1937. He described different forms: the classic styloid syndrome consisting of elongation of the styloid process which causes pain. Second, the stylo-carotid-artery syndrome which is responsible for transient ischemic attack or stroke.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>PRESENTATION OF CASE:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Using the example of a 66 years old male patient suffering from long term pain, we explain our diagnostic and surgical approach. After dissecting the styloid process of the right side using an extraoral approach, the pain ceased and the patient could be discharged without any recurrence of the pain up to this point.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>DISCUSSION:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Eagle\u2019s syndrome, with its similar symptoms, is rather difficult to differentiate from temporomandibular joint disorders (TMD), but can be easily excluded from possible differential diagnoses of TMD using panoramic radiographs and ultrasound.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSION:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Making use of low cost and easily accessible diagnostic workup techniques can reveal this particular cause for chronic pain restricting quality of life. Thereby differentiation from the TMD symptomatic complex is possible.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Highlights<\/jats:title>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijscr.2015.08.036","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,28]],"date-time":"2015-08-28T20:30:52Z","timestamp":1440793852000},"page":"123-126","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Eagle\u2019s syndrome\u2014A non-perceived differential diagnosis of temporomandibular disorder"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"P.","family":"Thoenissen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Bittermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Schmelzeisen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Oshima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Fretwurst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-33-20260114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2013.02.022","article-title":"Eagle\u2019s syndrome","volume":"126","author":"Becker","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Med"},{"key":"R2-33-20260114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1590\/S0103-64402012000400023","article-title":"Styloid process elongation and calcification in subjects with tmd: clinical and radiographic aspects","volume":"23","author":"de Andrade","year":"2012","journal-title":"Braz. Dent. J"},{"key":"R3-33-20260114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1948.00690030654006","article-title":"Elongated styloid process; further observations and a new syndrome","volume":"47","author":"Eagle","year":"1948","journal-title":"Arch. Otolaryngol"},{"key":"R4-33-20260114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1949.03760110046003","article-title":"Symptomatic elongated styloid process; report of two cases of styloid process-carotid artery syndrome with operation","volume":"49","author":"Eagle","year":"1949","journal-title":"Arch. Otolaryngol"},{"key":"R5-33-20260114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1958.00730010178007","article-title":"Elongated styloid process; symptoms and treatment","volume":"67","author":"Eagle","year":"1958","journal-title":"AMA Arch. Otolaryngol"},{"key":"R6-33-20260114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-012-1385-2","article-title":"Eagle\u2019s syndrome: embryology, anatomy, and clinical management","volume":"154","author":"Fusco","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir. (Wien"},{"key":"R7-33-20260114","first-page":"603","article-title":"The CARE guidelines: consensus-based clinical case reporting guideline development","volume":"110","author":"Gagnier","year":"2013","journal-title":"Dtsch. Arztebl. Int"},{"key":"R8-33-20260114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2012.07.004","article-title":"Styloid\u2013carotid artery syndrome treated surgically with Piezosurgery: a case report and literature review","volume":"41","author":"Hoffmann","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Craniomaxillofac. Surg"},{"key":"R9-33-20260114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.1016\/0278-2391(94)90181-3","article-title":"Fracture of the styloid process: a case report and review of the literature","volume":"52","author":"Miloro","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg"},{"key":"R10-33-20260114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215100083699","article-title":"The styloid process syndrome: aetiological factors and surgical management","volume":"91","author":"Moffat","year":"1977","journal-title":"J. Laryngol. Otol"},{"key":"R13-33-20260114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215106003276","article-title":"Role of three-dimensional computed tomography reconstruction in the management of elongated styloid process: a preliminary study","volume":"121","author":"Nayak","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Laryngol. Otol"},{"key":"R14-33-20260114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1053\/joms.2002.29814","article-title":"Elongated styloid process (Eagle\u2019s syndrome): a clinical study","volume":"60","author":"Prasad","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Oral Maxillofac .Surg"},{"key":"R15-33-20260114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0709(98)90005-9","article-title":"Eagle\u2019s syndrome: a review","volume":"19","author":"Rechtweg","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am. J. Otolaryngol"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Surgery Case Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S221026121500382X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S221026121500382X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/01612930-201515000-00033","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T13:27:11Z","timestamp":1768397231000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/01612930-201515000-00033"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,1]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"C","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijscr.2015.08.036","relation":{},"ISSN":["2210-2612"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2210-2612","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,1]]}}}