{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T18:21:30Z","timestamp":1786990890113,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"C","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,1]],"date-time":"2015-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1420070400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,15]],"date-time":"2015-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1442275200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":257,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>INTRODUCTION:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pyocele of the scrotum is a rare clinical entity not well-described in the pediatric literature. With the exception of those patients who cannot undergo surgery, all published cases have been treated definitely with surgical drainage with severe cases leading to orchiectomy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>PRESENTATION OF CASE:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A 12 day-old full-term boy with no significant medical history presented to the emergency department with a two-day history of fever, right hemiscrotal redness, swelling and discomfort. Scrotal ultrasound revealed findings consistent with an acute pyocele of the tunica vaginalis also known as an infected hydrocele. The infection was successfully managed with ultrasound-guided transcutaneous aspiration under local anesthesia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>DISCUSSION:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To the best of our knowledge, this is the first description of percutaneous aspiration of infant pyocele Pediatric patients diagnosed with acute pyocele require immediate urologic evaluation, with a consideration for surgical exploration and drainage. Unfortunately, orchiectomy may be required at the time of surgical exploration in severe cases. Percutaneous drainage is a non-operative, minimally invasive treatment modality that avoids orchiectomy and the risks of general anesthesia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSION:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Percutaneous drainage avoids open surgical exploration, expedites recovery, and is performed in the absence of general anesthesia in select cases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Highlights<\/jats:title>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijscr.2015.09.003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,6]],"date-time":"2015-10-06T20:22:21Z","timestamp":1444162941000},"page":"119-121","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Management of pediatric pyocele using percutaneous imaging-guided aspiration"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Daniel T.","family":"Oberlin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Earl Y.","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-30-20260114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2011.10.005","article-title":"Pyocele of the scrotum in the pediatric patient","volume":"8","author":"Kraft","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Urol"},{"key":"R2-30-20260114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-199606000-00016","article-title":"Idiopathic infected hydrocele in infants: a case report and review","volume":"15","author":"Yang","year":"1996","journal-title":"Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J"},{"key":"R3-30-20260114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-4295(73)90221-5","article-title":"Infected hydrocele cause of acute scrotal pain","volume":"2","author":"Waldbaum","year":"1973","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"R4-30-20260114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4573(87)90003-3","article-title":"Term co-occurrence in cited\/citing journal articles as a measure of document similarity","volume":"23","author":"Trivison","year":"1987","journal-title":"Inf. Process. Manage"},{"key":"R5-30-20260114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM193111262052211","article-title":"Scrotal abscess as a complication following vasectomy","volume":"205","author":"Swan","year":"1931","journal-title":"New Engl. J. Med"},{"key":"R6-30-20260114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-4295(89)90274-4","article-title":"Pyocele of scrotum: consequence of spontaneous rupture of testicular abscess","volume":"33","author":"Slavis","year":"1989","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"R7-30-20260114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-197505000-00008","article-title":"Diamino acid transport into granulocytes and liver slices of patients with lysinuric protein intolerance","volume":"9","author":"Simell","year":"1975","journal-title":"Pediatr. Res"},{"key":"R8-30-20260114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-198601000-00022","article-title":"Bilateral neonatal group a streptococcal hydrocele infection associated with maternal puerperal sepsis","volume":"5","author":"Shanks","year":"1986","journal-title":"Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J"},{"key":"R9-30-20260114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1100\/tswurol.2006.65","article-title":"Idiopathic infected hydrocele in a toddler: a case report with review","volume":"1","author":"Sagar","year":"2006","journal-title":"TSW Urol"},{"key":"R10-30-20260114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1464","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(01)65024-9","article-title":"Infected hydrocele in a neonate","volume":"157","author":"Pachter","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Urol"},{"key":"R11-30-20260114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-4295(83)90130-9","article-title":"Pseudotorsion of testis","volume":"21","author":"Lynch","year":"1983","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"R12-30-20260114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2012.96","article-title":"Response to Lim et al","volume":"26","author":"Lindfield","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"R13-30-20260114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1002\/jcu.10135","article-title":"Infantile scrotal pyocele simulating missed testicular torsion on sonography","volume":"31","author":"Lim","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Clin. Ultrasound"},{"key":"R14-30-20260114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3468(86)80516-4","article-title":"Idiopathic infant pyoceles","volume":"21","author":"Kutin","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Surg"},{"key":"R15-30-20260114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2004.08.051","article-title":"Giant scrotal elephantiasis","volume":"65","author":"Kuepper","year":"2005","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"R16-30-20260114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1159\/000064881","article-title":"Infected hydrocele in a neonate","volume":"65","author":"Ku","year":"2000","journal-title":"Urol. Int"},{"key":"R17-30-20260114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2011.10.005","article-title":"Pyocele of the scrotum in the pediatric patient","volume":"8","author":"Kraft","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Urol"},{"key":"R18-30-20260114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-4295(75)90082-5","article-title":"Infected hydrocele in neonate","volume":"5","author":"Jones","year":"1975","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"R19-30-20260114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-199711000-00018","article-title":"Acute scrotal inflammation caused by salmonella in young infants","volume":"16","author":"Huang","year":"1997","journal-title":"Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J"},{"key":"R20-30-20260114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-4295(82)90128-5","article-title":"Inflammatory communicating hydrocele","volume":"20","author":"Cos","year":"1982","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"R21-30-20260114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.1990.tb14703.x","article-title":"Infected hydrocele following acute appendicitis","volume":"65","author":"Chrysostomou","year":"1990","journal-title":"Br. J. Urol"},{"key":"R22-30-20260114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2004.09.003","article-title":"Early-onset Escherichia coli sepsis presenting as acute scrotum in preterm infant","volume":"65","author":"Chiang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"R23-30-20260114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1754.2011.02130_1.x","article-title":"Bluish discoloration of hemiscrotum","volume":"47","author":"Chen","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Paediatr. Child Health"},{"key":"R24-30-20260114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(01)67706-1","article-title":"Pyocele of the scrotum: a consequence of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis","volume":"153","author":"Santucci","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Urol"},{"key":"R25-30-20260114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2006.04.026","article-title":"Management of acute scrotum in children\u2014the impact of Doppler ultrasound","volume":"41","author":"Schalamon","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Surg"},{"key":"R26-30-20260114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2014.07.038","article-title":"Idiopathic infant pyocele: a case report and review of the literature","volume":"48","author":"Terentiev","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Emerg. Med"},{"key":"R27-30-20260114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-4295(75)90082-5","article-title":"Infected hydrocele in neonate","volume":"5","author":"Jones","year":"1975","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"R28-30-20260114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)59784-0","article-title":"Bacterial orchitis, abscess and sepsis in a newborn: a case report","volume":"112","author":"Malkin","year":"1974","journal-title":"J. Urol"},{"key":"R29-30-20260114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-2700.96504","article-title":"Scrotal pyocele: uncommon urologic emergency","volume":"5","author":"Bruner","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Emerg. Trauma Shock"},{"key":"R30-30-20260114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2007.02.029","article-title":"An unusual complication of epididymo-orchitis: scrotal pyocele extending into the inguinal canal mimicking a strangulated inguinal hernia","volume":"35","author":"Butler","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Emerg. Med"},{"key":"R31-30-20260114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3468(86)80516-4","article-title":"Idiopathic infant pyoceles","volume":"21","author":"Kutin","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Surg"},{"key":"R32-30-20260114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1464","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(01)65024-9","article-title":"Infected hydrocele in a neonate","volume":"157","author":"Pachter","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Urol"},{"key":"R33-30-20260114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-4295(89)90274-4","article-title":"Pyocele of scrotum: consequence of spontaneous rupture of testicular abscess","volume":"33","author":"Slavis","year":"1989","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"R34-30-20260114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-199606000-00016","article-title":"Idiopathic infected hydrocele in infants: a case report and review","volume":"15","author":"Yang","year":"1996","journal-title":"Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J"},{"key":"R35-30-20260114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp1414786","article-title":"Anesthetic neurotoxicity\u2014clinical implications of animal models","volume":"372","author":"Rappaport","year":"2015","journal-title":"New Engl. J. Med"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Surgery Case Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2210261215003922?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2210261215003922?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/01612930-201516000-00030","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T13:21:43Z","timestamp":1768396903000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/01612930-201516000-00030"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,1]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"C","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijscr.2015.09.003","relation":{},"ISSN":["2210-2612"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2210-2612","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,1]]}}}