{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T14:53:42Z","timestamp":1788447222637,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":5,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"C","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,1]],"date-time":"2017-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1483228800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,16]],"date-time":"2016-11-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1479254400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>INTRODUCTION:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Empyema and bronchopleural fistula are well known complications after thoracic surgery. We report a case of refractory air leakage of bronchopleural fistula in a patient with empyema that was successfully treated by endobronchial embolization using Endobronchial Watanabe Spigots (EWSs).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>PRESENTATION OF CASE:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A 71-year-old man underwent esophagectomy for primary esophageal cancer. A right empyema with bronchopleural fistula (BPF) developed four months after surgery. Right thoracic drainage tube was inserted. Although the empyema was treated by drainage and anti-biotics therapy, the air leakage was apparent. The chest computed tomography (CT) scan revealed that the bronchopleural fistula existed in the segment 6 and 10. Endobronchial embolization was performed to the responsible bronchus using EWSs. After the EWSs of middle and large sizes were inserted into the B\n                      <jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup>\n                      c and B\n                      <jats:sup>10<\/jats:sup>\n                      b + c, the air leakage was stopped. The thoracic tube of drainage was removed after endobronchial embolization. Complications due to the EWSs insertion were not observed, and the patient was discharged.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>DISCUSSION:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The management of BPF has evolved over the years. Surgical approach is frequently needed to control the BPF, though endobronchial embolization is effective in closing the BPF in some patients. In our case, EWSs of middle and large size were useful to control air leakage. We safely retried the 2nd endoboronchial embolization using the EWS. The patient had no complication after insertion the EWS again.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSION:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Endobronchial embolization using EWSs was an effective treatment of an empyema with bronchopleural fistula after esophagectomy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Highlights<\/jats:title>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijscr.2016.11.025","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,24]],"date-time":"2017-01-24T19:20:36Z","timestamp":1485285636000},"page":"1-3","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Effective treatment of empyema with bronchopleural fistula after esophagectomy by endobronchial embolization using endobronchial Watanabe Spigots"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Shinsuke","family":"Uchida","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroyasu","family":"Igaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takehiro","family":"Izumo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuji","family":"Tachimori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-1-20260114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2015.09.095","article-title":"Minimally invasive versus open esophagectomy for esophageal cancer: a comparison of early surgical outcomes from the society of thoracic surgeons national database","volume":"101","author":"Sihag","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann. Thorac. Surg"},{"key":"R2-1-20260114","first-page":"172","article-title":"Thoracic empyema and lung abscess resulting from gastropulmonary fistula as a complication of esophagectomy","volume":"14","author":"Osaki","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg"},{"key":"R3-1-20260114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1093\/icvts\/ivu324","article-title":"Is low serum albumin associated with postoperative complications in patients undergoing oesophagectomy for oesophageal malignancies?","volume":"20","author":"Goh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Interact. Cardiovasc. Thorac. Surg"},{"key":"R4-1-20260114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1169","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.50.5016","article-title":"Clinical evaluation of endoscopic bronchial occlusion with silicone spigots for the management of persistent pulmonary air leaks","volume":"50","author":"Sasada","year":"2011","journal-title":"Intern. 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Bronchol"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Surgery Case Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S221026121630503X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S221026121630503X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/01612930-201733000-00001","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T13:02:08Z","timestamp":1768395728000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/01612930-201733000-00001"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]},"references-count":5,"journal-issue":{"issue":"C","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijscr.2016.11.025","relation":{},"ISSN":["2210-2612"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2210-2612","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]}}}