{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T22:55:27Z","timestamp":1792796127391,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":7,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"C","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,1]],"date-time":"2017-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1483228800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,9]],"date-time":"2016-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1481241600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>INTRODUCTION:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Foreign bodies in the upper airways are one of the most challenging otolaryngology emergencies, leeches present a very rare cause of airway foreign bodies around the world.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CASE REPORT:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A 6-year-old girl was referred to our otolaryngology department at a tertiary university hospital with a severe dyspnea and hemoptysis. Nasofibroscopy revealed a dark living leech in the supraglottic area which extends to the glottis. The patient was urgently admitted to the operating room, the leech was grasped and removed with a foreign body forceps with a full length of more than 6 cm. All symptoms were relieved post operatively and she was discharged one day later.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSION:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Leeches should be suspected as an airway foreign body in patients with a recent history of drinking from stream water. Prevention remains the best treatment for such cases based simply on hygiene measures like not drinking stream water directly and filtering drinking water before it is used.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Highlights<\/jats:title>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijscr.2016.12.007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,25]],"date-time":"2017-01-25T13:51:18Z","timestamp":1485352278000},"page":"9-11","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["An unusual cause of severe dyspnea"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Said","family":"Anajar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachid","family":"Ansari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jawad","family":"Hassnaoui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reda","family":"Abada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed","family":"Roubal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed","family":"Mahtar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-3-20260114","first-page":"3599","article-title":"A rare case report of tracheal leech infestation in a 40-year-old woman","volume":"7","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Exp. Med. (United States"},{"key":"R2-3-20260114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0000000000000692","article-title":"An unusual cause of hemoptysis: leech in the supraglottic region of the larynx","volume":"25","author":"San","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Craniofac. Surg. (United States"},{"key":"R3-3-20260114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2014.10.009","article-title":"The leech: an unusual respiratory emergency","volume":"44","author":"Touzani","year":"2015","journal-title":"Presse Med. (France"},{"key":"R4-3-20260114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1007\/s004050100396","article-title":"Leeches in the larynx","volume":"258","author":"Kaygusuz","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eur. Arch. Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"R5-3-20260114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1227","DOI":"10.1097\/00000539-200005000-00044","article-title":"An unusual cause of respiratory distress: live leech in the larynx","volume":"90","author":"Pandey","year":"2000","journal-title":"Anesth. Analg"},{"key":"R6-3-20260114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1007\/s004050100396","article-title":"Leeches in the larynx","volume":"258","author":"Kaygusuz","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eur. Arch. Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"R7-3-20260114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.10065","article-title":"Laryngealhirudiniasis: an unusual cause of airway obstruction and hemoptysis","volume":"33","author":"Mohammad","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pediatr. Pulmonol"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Surgery Case Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2210261216305442?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2210261216305442?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/01612930-201732000-00003","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T13:40:06Z","timestamp":1768398006000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/01612930-201732000-00003"}},"subtitle":["A laryngeal live leech Case report"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]},"references-count":7,"journal-issue":{"issue":"C","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijscr.2016.12.007","relation":{},"ISSN":["2210-2612"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2210-2612","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]}}}