{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T23:28:52Z","timestamp":1768433332764,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"C","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,1]],"date-time":"2018-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514764800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,6]],"date-time":"2017-12-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1512518400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Non-fatal human dog bites are commonplace amongst animal attacks on human beings and these present with mainly skin and soft tissue injuries. However, they can also present with life threatening head and neck injuries, massive soft tissue trauma, as well as combined orthopedic and vascular extremity injuries where a high possibility of limb loss exists.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Presentation of cases:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We present two adult dog bite victims with multiple bites inflicted by large canines identified as Pit-Bull Terriers. They were presented with deep lacerations to the axillary area resulting in limb ischemia and loss of upper limb pulses. The right axillary artery was crushed in both patients whilst the axillary vein was lacerated in one. The vessels were repaired; the wounds debrided and both limbs were salvaged.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Canine attacks by Pit Bull Terriers and Rottweiler's can occur at any age and in any anatomical area of the body particularly the limbs. Injuries involving the extremities presenting with no pulses or pulsatile bleeding demand an urgent exploration as any undue delay is intolerable especially if there are bony injuries like fractures or fracture\/dislocation. All patients with complex neurovascular injuries should be managed by a multidisciplinary team for an optimal outcome.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Attacks by Pit Bull Terriers are more likely to cause severe morbidity than other breeds of dogs. Immediate surgical exploration is required to prevent catastrophic outcomes, especially limb loss. Stronger animal control laws, public education and responsible dog ownership may reduce deaths from these canines.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Highlights<\/jats:title>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijscr.2017.11.061","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,8]],"date-time":"2017-12-08T19:46:38Z","timestamp":1512762398000},"page":"133-137","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Pit Bull attack causing limb threatening vascular trauma \u2014A case series"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Patrick","family":"Harnarayan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shariful","family":"Islam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christi","family":"Ramsingh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vijay","family":"Naraynsingh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-32-20260114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2016.10.025","article-title":"The PROCESS statement: preferred reporting of case series in surgery","volume":"36","author":"Agha","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Surg"},{"key":"R2-32-20260114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2012.01.010","article-title":"Non-fatal dog bite injuries in the USA, 2005-2009","volume":"126","author":"Quirk","year":"2012","journal-title":"Public Health"},{"key":"R3-32-20260114","first-page":"64","article-title":"Descriptive epidemiology of animal bites in Indiana, 1990-92-A rationale for intervention","volume":"110","author":"Sinclair","year":"1995","journal-title":"Public Health Rep"},{"key":"R4-32-20260114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1997.tb138810.x","article-title":"The public health impact of dog attacks in a major Australian city","volume":"167","author":"Thompson","year":"1997","journal-title":"Med. J. Aust"},{"key":"R5-32-20260114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1177\/000313481007600216","article-title":"The epidemiology of dog attacks in an urban environment and the risk of vascular injury","volume":"76","author":"Benfield","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. Surg"},{"key":"R6-32-20260114","first-page":"55","article-title":"Severe attacks by dogs: characteristics of the dogs, the victims, and the attack settings","volume":"100","author":"Wright","year":"1985","journal-title":"Public Health Rep"},{"key":"R8-32-20260114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1580\/08-WEME-OR-213.1","article-title":"Human fatalities resulting from dog attacks in the United States, 1979-2005","volume":"20","author":"Langley","year":"2009","journal-title":"Wilderness Environ. Med"},{"key":"R9-32-20260114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0b013e318211cd68","article-title":"TRISAT clinical trials group","volume":"253","author":"Bini","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann. Surg"},{"key":"R10-32-20260114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1489","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1989.03430110079032","article-title":"Dog bite-related fatalitiesfrom 1979 through 1988","volume":"262","author":"Sacks","year":"1989","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"R11-32-20260114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2000.217.836","article-title":"Breeds of dogs involved in fatal human attacks in the United States between 1979 and 1998","volume":"217","author":"Sacks","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc"},{"key":"R12-32-20260114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1053\/jpsu.2001.25670","article-title":"Life-threatening dog attacks: a devastating combination of penetrating and blunt injuries","volume":"36","author":"Calkins","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Surg"},{"key":"R13-32-20260114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1172","DOI":"10.1111\/jpc.12948","article-title":"Dog bites to the upper extremity in children","volume":"51","author":"Speirs","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Paediatr. Child Health"},{"key":"R14-32-20260114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1346","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2013.05.101","article-title":"Management of vascular trauma from dog bites","volume":"58","author":"Akingba","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Vasc. Surg"},{"key":"R15-32-20260114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1177\/1558944715620794","article-title":"Predictive factors of neurovascular and tendon injuries following dog bites to the upper extremity","volume":"11","author":"Alluri","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hand (N Y"},{"key":"R16-32-20260114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0644(05)82558-2","article-title":"Clinical and angiographic findings in extremity arterial injuries secondary to dog bites","volume":"19","author":"Snyder","year":"1990","journal-title":"Ann. Emerg. Med"},{"key":"R17-32-20260114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2012.10.006","article-title":"Color-flow duplex screening for upper extremity proximity injuries: a low-yield strategy for therapeutic","volume":"27","author":"Mollberg","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann. Vasc. Surg"},{"key":"R18-32-20260114","first-page":"375","article-title":"Ralls The utility of color flow Doppler examination in penetrating extremity arterial trauma","volume":"59","author":"Schwartz","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am. Surg"},{"key":"R19-32-20260114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1097\/00006565-199012000-00011","article-title":"Delayed brachial artery occlusion owing to a dog bites of the upper extremity","volume":"6","author":"Rothrock","year":"1990","journal-title":"Pediatr. Emerg. Care"},{"key":"R20-32-20260114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2004.02.005","article-title":"An analysis of 124 surgically managed brachial artery injuries","volume":"88","author":"Zellweger","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Surg"},{"key":"R21-32-20260114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0644(80)80153-3","article-title":"Prophylactic antibiotics in common dog bite wounds: a controlled study","volume":"9","author":"Callaham","year":"1980","journal-title":"Ann. Emerg. Med"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Surgery Case Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2210261217306417?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2210261217306417?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/01612930-201842000-00032","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T13:14:19Z","timestamp":1768396459000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/01612930-201842000-00032"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"C","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijscr.2017.11.061","relation":{},"ISSN":["2210-2612"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2210-2612","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]}}}