{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]],"date-time":"2026-02-25T23:14:46Z","timestamp":1772061286882,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"C","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,1]],"date-time":"2018-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514764800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,8]],"date-time":"2018-06-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1528416000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":158,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>INTRODUCTION:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cervical Sympathetic Chain Schwannomas (CSCS) of the carotid sheath are rare neoplasms that can be misdiagnosed on imaging. The following case documents a rare incident of a misdiagnosed CSCS with unusual outcomes of permanent Horner's syndrome and facial pain.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>PRESENTATION OF CASE:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A 36-year-old female presented with a slow-growing neck mass. CT and MRI led to a preoperative diagnosis of vagus nerve schwannoma (VNS). However, surgical treatment revealed the mass to be involved with the cervical sympathetic chain rather than the vagus nerve. The diagnosis was corrected to CSCS and the nerve was resected with the mass. The patient presented postoperatively with Horner's syndrome and severe facial pain. These symptoms persisted despite two years of medical management.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>DISCUSSION:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Studies indicate that imaging trends used for distinction between VNS and CSCS show inconsistencies in making preoperative diagnoses. Recent literature reveals helpful criteria for improving diagnostic standards that assist with preoperative patient counseling. In addition, postoperative outcomes, such as temporary, asymptomatic Horner's syndrome are common in CSCS. The following case report exemplifies the difficulties in diagnosis and addresses the unique complications of facial pain and permanent Horner's syndrome.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSION:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This case report examines postoperative outcomes and improves clinician awareness of the potential for misdiagnosis of a rare neoplasm and the recently improved diagnostic measures, providing for higher quality preoperative counseling. Future research is recommended to confirm and improve diagnostic guidelines and accuracy. Additional studies may focus on evaluating the effects of incorrect preoperative diagnosis on postoperative complication rates.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Highlights<\/jats:title>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijscr.2018.06.001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,9]],"date-time":"2018-06-09T10:50:36Z","timestamp":1528541436000},"page":"4-7","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Cervical Sympathetic Chain Schwannoma Masquerading as a Vagus Nerve Schwannoma Complicated by Postoperative Horner's Syndrome and Facial Pain"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Austin T.","family":"Baker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tyler J.","family":"Homewood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Terry R.","family":"Baker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R2-2-20260114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1498","DOI":"10.1097\/00006123-200006000-00036","article-title":"Neurogenic tumors of the cervical vagus nerve: report of four cases and review of the literature","volume":"46","author":"Gilmer-Hill","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"R3-2-20260114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2016.08.014","article-title":"The SCARE Statement: Consensus-based surgical case report guidelines","volume":"34","author":"Agha","year":"2016","journal-title":"International Journal of Surgery"},{"key":"R4-2-20260114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2014.02.007","article-title":"A systematic review of 1143 parapharyngeal space tumors reported over 20 years","volume":"50","author":"Riffat","year":"2014","journal-title":"Oral Oncol"},{"key":"R5-2-20260114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0347(199601\/02)18:1<67::AID-HED9>3.0.CO;2-X","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging and the management of parapharyngeal space tumors","volume":"18","author":"Miller","year":"1996","journal-title":"Head Neck"},{"key":"R6-2-20260114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.133.7.662","article-title":"Parapharyngeal space schwannomas: preoperative imaging determination of the nerve of origin","volume":"133","author":"Saito","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"R7-2-20260114","first-page":"1605","article-title":"From the archives of the AFIP. 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