{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T23:24:40Z","timestamp":1768433080737,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"C","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,1]],"date-time":"2019-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1546300800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,21]],"date-time":"2019-02-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1550707200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":51,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Male breast cancer is a rare disease. Although epidemiologic and genetic factors are associated with male breast cancer, hormonal factors may also play a role.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Case presentation:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We report the case of a 39-year-old BRCA negative male patient taking a sexual performance enhancement supplement who presented with worsening asymmetric gynecomastia and unilateral spontaneous bloody nipple discharge and was found to have ductal carcinoma in-situ.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The altered cellular environment related to the hormone contents of the supplement coincided with the rapid worsening of his gynecomastia and may have played a role in the development of the ductal carcinoma in-situ, or growth of an existing focus.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The use of hormonal male enhancement supplements can lead to higher levels of androgens in users. It is possible for this altered hormonal environment to cause the growth of tumor or promote the progression of an existing focus.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Highlights<\/jats:title>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijscr.2019.02.028","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,26]],"date-time":"2019-02-26T11:55:26Z","timestamp":1551182126000},"page":"60-62","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Male DCIS diagnosed after use of over-the-counter hormonal supplement"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"S.O.","family":"Agbroko","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K.E.","family":"Rojas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D.M.","family":"Manasseh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Borgen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-17-20260114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1276","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djg040","article-title":"Annual report to the nation on the status of cancer, 1975-2000, featuring the uses of surveillance data for cancer prevention and control","volume":"95","author":"Weir","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Natl. Cancer Inst"},{"key":"R2-17-20260114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.20.14.1","article-title":"Epidemiology of male breast cancer","volume":"14","author":"Weiss","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev"},{"key":"R3-17-20260114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.288.3.321","article-title":"Risks and benefits of estrogen plus progestin in healthy postmenopausal women: principal results from the Women's Health Initiative randomized controlled trial","volume":"288","author":"Writing Group for the Women's Health Initiative Investigators","year":"2002","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"R5-17-20260114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.3109\/09513590.2012.651925","article-title":"Androgens and breast cancer risk","volume":"28","author":"Kenemans","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gynecol. Endocrinol"},{"key":"R6-17-20260114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1010","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-6196(11)60671-X","article-title":"Gynecomastia: Pathophysiology, Evaluation and management","volume":"84","author":"Johnson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mayo Clin. Proc"},{"key":"R7-17-20260114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1097\/01.sap.0000197867.08217.bb","article-title":"On the neglected entity of unilateral gynecomastia","volume":"56","author":"Colombo-Benkmann","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann. Plast. Surg"},{"key":"R8-17-20260114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"djt465","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djt465","article-title":"Anthropometric and hormonal risk factors for male breast cancer: male breast Cancer pooling project results","volume":"106","author":"Brinton","year":"2014","journal-title":"JNCI J. Nat. Cancer Inst"},{"key":"R9-17-20260114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-199205000-00007","article-title":"Current management of male breast cancer. A review of 104 cases","volume":"215","author":"Borgen","year":"1992","journal-title":"Ann. Surg"},{"key":"R10-17-20260114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.breast.2007.07.024","article-title":"How to treat male breast cancer","volume":"16","author":"Czene","year":"2007","journal-title":"Breast"},{"key":"R11-17-20260114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1007\/s10549-006-9356-z","article-title":"Male breast cancer: a review of clinical management","volume":"103","author":"Agrawal","year":"2007","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res. Treat"},{"key":"R12-17-20260114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)68226-3","article-title":"Male breast cancer","volume":"367","author":"Fentiman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R13-17-20260114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1634\/theoncologist.2014-0243","article-title":"Clinicopathological and immunohistochemical characteristics in male breast cancer: a retrospective case series","volume":"20","author":"Masci","year":"2015","journal-title":"Oncologist"},{"key":"R14-17-20260114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1546","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/94.20.1546","article-title":"Detection of ductal carcinoma in situ in women undergoing screening mammography","volume":"94","author":"Ernster","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Natl. Cancer Inst"},{"key":"R15-17-20260114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2015.2510","article-title":"Breast cancer mortality after a diagnosis of ductal carcinoma in-situ","volume":"1","author":"Narod","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol"},{"key":"R16-17-20260114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2014.17322","article-title":"Differences in breast cancer stage at diagnosis and cancer-specific survival by race and ethnicity in the United States","volume":"313","author":"Iqbal","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Surgery Case Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2210261219300896?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2210261219300896?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/01612930-201957000-00017","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T13:14:29Z","timestamp":1768396469000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/01612930-201957000-00017"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"C","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijscr.2019.02.028","relation":{},"ISSN":["2210-2612"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2210-2612","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]}}}