{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T05:53:07Z","timestamp":1784526787017,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"C","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,5]],"date-time":"2020-03-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1583366400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":64,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Gemella sanguinis<\/jats:italic>\n                      is an extremely rare cause of infectious endocarditis, with only 12 cases previously reported in the literature. Here we report the third known case of isolated mitral valve endocarditis secondary to\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">G. sanguinis<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Presentation of case<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A 53-year-old man with mitral valve prolapse and history of recent dental instrumentation presented with malaise, thigh and finger pain and new pansystolic murmur. He was diagnosed with severe mitral insufficiency due to infectious endocarditis secondary to\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">G. sanguinis<\/jats:italic>\n                      . He underwent mitral valve replacement and was treated with a long course of antibiotics.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">G. sanguinis<\/jats:italic>\n                      is a rare cause of infectious endocarditis with very few reported cases in the literature. In the majority of reported cases, a strategy of valve replacement along with prolonged antibiotic course results in good outcome for the patient.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Highlights<\/jats:title>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijscr.2020.03.001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,7]],"date-time":"2020-03-07T11:41:22Z","timestamp":1583581282000},"page":"51-54","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["A rare case of isolated mitral valve endocarditis by Gemella sanguinis"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"69","author":[{"given":"Antonios C.","family":"Sideris","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Zimmermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takuya","family":"Ogami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dimitrios V.","family":"Avgerinos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-13-20260114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1435","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000296","article-title":"Infective endocarditis in adults: diagnosis, antimicrobial therapy, and management of complications: a scientific statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association","volume":"132","author":"Baddour","year":"2015","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"R2-13-20260114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2018.10.028","article-title":"The SCARE 2018 statement: updating consensus surgical CAse REport (SCARE) guidelines","volume":"60","author":"Agha","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Surg"},{"key":"R3-13-20260114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3075","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehv319","article-title":"ESC Guidelines for the management of infective endocarditis: The Task Force for the Management of Infective Endocarditis of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Endorsed by: European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS), the European Association of Nuclear Medicine (EANM)","volume":"36","author":"Habib","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J"},{"key":"R4-13-20260114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3090","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.36.10.3090-3093.1998","article-title":"Description of Gemella sanguinis sp. nov., isolated from human clinical specimens","volume":"36","author":"Collins","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol"},{"key":"R5-13-20260114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1681","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.40.5.1681-1686.2002","article-title":"Evaluation of the VITEK 2 system for identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of medically relevant gram-positive cocci","volume":"40","author":"Ligozzi","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol"},{"key":"R6-13-20260114","first-page":"37","article-title":"Second case of infective endocarditis caused by Gemella sanguinis","volume":"101","author":"Shukla","year":"2002","journal-title":"WMJ"},{"key":"R7-13-20260114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S44","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-8579(09)70132-3","article-title":"113 infective endocarditis caused by Gemella sanguinis","volume":"33","author":"Almaghrabi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents"},{"key":"R8-13-20260114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1097\/MAJ.0b013e31821389f0","article-title":"Prosthetic valve endocarditis caused by Gemella sanguinis: a consequence of persistent dental infection","volume":"341","author":"Gundre","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Med. Sci"},{"key":"R9-13-20260114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2012.02.012","article-title":"Gemella sanguinis endocarditis: first case report in Taiwan and review of the literature","volume":"113","author":"Yang","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Formos. Med. Assoc"},{"key":"R10-13-20260114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1097\/IPC.0b013e31821d317d","article-title":"Aortic prosthetic valve endocarditis caused by an unusual microorganism, Gemella sanguinis","volume":"20","author":"Tiu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Infect. Dis. Clin. Prac"},{"key":"R11-13-20260114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1093\/ckj\/sft030","article-title":"Gemella sanguinis endocarditis with c-ANCA\/anti-PR-3-associated immune complex necrotizing glomerulonephritis with a \u201cfull-house\u201d pattern on immunofluorescence microscopy","volume":"6","author":"Rousseau-Gagnon","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. Kidney J"},{"key":"R12-13-20260114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1097\/MAJ.0b013e31827de7ba","article-title":"\u201cKissing\u201d vegetation in a rare case of infective endocarditis by Gemella sanguinis","volume":"345","author":"Chadha","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Med. Sci"},{"key":"R14-13-20260114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mjafi.2015.08.008","article-title":"Gemella sanguinis: a rare cause of native valve endocarditis in a child","volume":"72","author":"Mugunthan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Med. J. Armed Forces India"},{"key":"R15-13-20260114","first-page":"9382395","article-title":"A case report of successful conservative treatment for infective endocarditis caused by Gemella sanguinis","volume":"2019","author":"Emmanouilidou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Case Rep. Infect. Dis"},{"key":"R16-13-20260114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2019.01.001","article-title":"Bicuspid aortic valve endocarditis caused by Gemella sanguinis: case report and literature review","volume":"12","author":"Maraki","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Infect. Pub. Heal"},{"key":"R17-13-20260114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.03.011","article-title":"AHA\/ACC focused update of the 2014 AHA\/ACC guideline for the management of patients with valvular heart disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association task force on clinical practice guidelines","volume":"2017","author":"Nishimura","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Surgery Case Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2210261220301401?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2210261220301401?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/10.1016\/j.ijscr.2020.03.001","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T13:46:10Z","timestamp":1768398370000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/10.1016\/j.ijscr.2020.03.001"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"C","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijscr.2020.03.001","relation":{},"ISSN":["2210-2612"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2210-2612","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]}}}