{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T23:14:23Z","timestamp":1768432463797,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":7,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"C","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,9]],"date-time":"2020-06-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1591660800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":160,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008069","name":"University of California, San Francisco","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008069","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hepatolithiasis (intrahepatic stones) is rare in adolescent patients and requires complex management strategies to prevent recurrent infections and progression to hepatic fibrosis. Surgical management is often required. In cases of unclear etiology, further work-up is indicated to provide insight into future management. In this report we describe an extensive stone analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Presentation of case<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A 20-year-old Caucasian female presented with known hepatolithiasis and multiple prior recurrent bouts of abdominal pain requiring hospitalization. Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) demonstrated an abnormal left-sided hepatic biliary ductal system dilatation. She was treated surgically with a formal left hepatectomy and preservation of the caudate lobe. The right ductal system had no stones or evidence of inflammation, and her bile and stones cultures were negative for organism growth. An extensive analysis demonstrated stone composition primarily of cholesterol.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Adolescent presentations of hepatolithiasis are rare and considerations in the differential diagnosis include primary sclerosing cholangitis, bile acid transporter defects, and other known genetic diseases. This case is unique because only the left half of the intrahepatic ductal system had evidence of stone disease and the bile was sterile. A detailed stone analysis demonstrating cholesterol supersaturation provides additional context though the etiology remains unclear in this case and will require lifelong follow-up.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Early-onset hepatolithiasis is rare and requires expert management, and in some cases definitive surgical management with life-long follow-up. Extensive stone analysis and genetic testing can be performed to help identify disease etiology in unique cases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijscr.2020.06.017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,12]],"date-time":"2020-06-12T11:54:35Z","timestamp":1591962875000},"page":"343-345","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["A rare presentation of hepatolithiasis in an adolescent patient"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"72","author":[{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Freise","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jorge","family":"Mena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kwun Wah","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marshall","family":"Stoller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sunita","family":"Ho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Corvera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-76-20260114","first-page":"314","article-title":"Hepatolithiasis: epidemiology and classification","volume":"44","author":"Pausawasdi","year":"1997","journal-title":"Hepatogastroenterology"},{"key":"R2-76-20260114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2006.05.009","article-title":"Gallstone disease: epidemiology, pathogenesis, and classification of biliary stones (common bile duct and intrahepatic)","volume":"20","author":"Tazuma","year":"2006","journal-title":"Best Pract. Res. Clin. Gastroenterol"},{"key":"R4-76-20260114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2018.10.028","article-title":"The SCARE 2018 statement: updating consensus Surgical CAse REport (SCARE) guidelines","volume":"60","author":"Agha","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Surg. Lond. Engl"},{"key":"R5-76-20260114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2018.10.031","article-title":"The PROCESS 2018 statement: updating consensus Preferred Reporting of CasE Series in Surgery (PROCESS) guidelines","volume":"60","author":"Agha","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Surg. Lond. 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