{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]],"date-time":"2026-06-06T14:48:23Z","timestamp":1780757303308,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"C","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,5]],"date-time":"2020-10-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1601856000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":278,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Psoas muscle abscess is rare and can become more complicated to treat after they have progressed to necrotizing fasciitis. The data of secondary psoas muscle abscess cause by ingested toothpick are limited in the literature. We have done an extensive literature review and found a number of 8 cases (including our new case) of ingested toothpicks causing iliopsoas muscle abscess.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Presentation of case<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We present a 70-year-old man with unremarkable medical history experienced left flank pain for several days with radiated to left thigh and unable to walk. He initially exhibited drowsiness at emergency department with fever and chillness. Computed tomography showed iliopsoas abscess and necrotizing fasciitis. This patient received emergent surgical debridement and a toothpick was found lodged in the deep portion of the left psoas muscle. He was tolerated to the treatment and discharged on 58 days after the operation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A review of the literature revealed only eight reported cases since 1946 (including ours) of ingested toothpicks migrating into the iliopsoas muscle and causing abscess formation or necrotizing fasciitis. Three of the cases did not exhibit gut perforation, possibly because of self-healing of the wound. Gastrointestinal symptoms are not always apparent when the perforation site is over the retroperitoneal space. Thorough debridement is essential if the origin of infection is unknown.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ingestion of a foreign body may be asymptomatic, the present case and a review of the literature indicated that ingested toothpicks can cause severe morbidity or even mortality. The diagnosis of psoas abscesses associated with toothpicks is difficult, and such cases should not be overlooked. Appropriate early surgical intervention is recommended.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Highlights<\/jats:title>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijscr.2020.10.009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,8]],"date-time":"2020-10-08T08:18:07Z","timestamp":1602145087000},"page":"463-467","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Necrotizing fasciitis from an iliopsoas muscle abscess caused by a toothpick"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"76","author":[{"given":"Wei-Quen","family":"Tee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yin-Lun","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pao-Jen","family":"Kuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chih-Hsiung","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R2-105-20260114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1097\/MRM.0000000000000092","article-title":"Psoas abscess","volume":"28","author":"Kumar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Rev. Med. Microbiol"},{"key":"R3-105-20260114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1053\/jinf.2000.0643","article-title":"Acute pyogenic iliopsoas abscess in Taiwan: clinical features, diagnosis, treatments and outcome","volume":"40","author":"Huang","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Infect"},{"key":"R4-105-20260114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.7150\/jbji.29065","article-title":"Intestinal perforation by a toothpick as reason for necrotizing fasciitis","volume":"3","author":"Rupp","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Bone Infect"},{"key":"R5-105-20260114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2018.10.028","article-title":"The SCARE 2018 statement: updating consensus surgical CAse REport (SCARE) guidelines","volume":"60","author":"Agha","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Surg"},{"key":"R6-105-20260114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-013-2307-z","article-title":"Accidentally ingested toothpicks causing severe gastrointestinal injury: a practical guideline for diagnosis and therapy based on 136 case reports","volume":"38","author":"Steinbach","year":"2014","journal-title":"World J. Surg"},{"key":"R7-105-20260114","first-page":"1817","article-title":"Is your food free of wood?","volume":"343","author":"Zacherl","year":"2000","journal-title":"New England J. Med. Surg. Collat. Branches Sci"},{"key":"R8-105-20260114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5413.125506","article-title":"Outcome of percutaneous continuous drainage of psoas abscess: a clinically guided technique","volume":"48","author":"Dave","year":"2014","journal-title":"Indian J. Orthop"},{"key":"R9-105-20260114","first-page":"555","article-title":"Thigh emphysema and hip pain secondary to gastrointestinal perforation","volume":"78","author":"Nicell","year":"1975","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"R10-105-20260114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e17032","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000017032","article-title":"Surgery for intra-abdominal abscess due to intestinal perforation caused by toothpick ingestion: two case reports","volume":"98","author":"Lim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore"},{"key":"R13-105-20260114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1445-2197.1992.tb07543.x","article-title":"Psoas abscess following ingestion of psoas","volume":"62","author":"Archer","year":"1992","journal-title":"Aust. N. Z. J. Surg"},{"key":"R14-105-20260114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-003-1673-7","article-title":"Thigh cellulitis caused by toothpick ingestion","volume":"29","author":"Leelouche","year":"2003","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"R15-105-20260114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1097\/MAJ.0b013e3181f3cc12","article-title":"Right hip necrotizing fasciitis","volume":"341","author":"Lee","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Med. Sci"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Surgery Case Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2210261220308877?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2210261220308877?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/10.1016\/j.ijscr.2020.10.009","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T13:29:12Z","timestamp":1768397352000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/10.1016\/j.ijscr.2020.10.009"}},"subtitle":["A case report and literature review"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"C","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijscr.2020.10.009","relation":{},"ISSN":["2210-2612"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2210-2612","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]}}}