{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T06:45:25Z","timestamp":1769150725339,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":5,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"C","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,14]],"date-time":"2021-01-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1610582400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":13,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003286","name":"Kuwait Foundation for the Advancement of Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003286","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>COVID-19 has presented the surgical community with a multitude of challenges. Patients requiring surgical intervention who are positive for COVID-19 are not only more likely to develop complications post-operatively, but also pose an increased infection risk to the surgical team involved in their care. The infection control concerns raised at the peak of the pandemic persist in the post-pandemic era as patients continue to test positive for COVID-19 and the risk of a \u2018second wave\u2019 looms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We present a case series (compliant with SCARE [4] and PROCESS [5] criteria) to demonstrate the effective use of an AR technology platform during the intraoperative treatment of two complex COVID positive patients diagnosed with Fournier\u2019s gangrene.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>Retrospective review of prospectively collected data of all patients that required surgery involving multiple specialties during the COVID-19 pandemic at Jaber AlAhmad hospital in Kuwait between March 2020 to October 2020.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Presentation of case<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We present two cases to highlight the use of an augmented reality (AR) platform during the treatment of COVID-19 positive patients with Fournier\u2019s gangrene in order to safeguard surgical teams whilst simultaneously enabling these complex cases to benefit from multi-specialty input intraoperatively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Outcome<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Augmented reality is a feasible option to minimize surgeons\u2019 exposure during surgery without compromising the patients safety.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This case series demonstrates how AR solutions can be employed to bolster infection control measures and may be useful in the treatment of surgical patients who test positive for COVID-19.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>AR solutions could be considered as an infection control strategy to safeguard surgical teams operating on COVID-19 positive patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Highlights<\/jats:title>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijscr.2021.01.055","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,19]],"date-time":"2021-01-19T11:40:59Z","timestamp":1611056459000},"page":"335-338","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Applying augmented reality to treat Fournier\u2019s gangrene in COVID-19 positive patients whilst safeguarding the multi-disciplinary surgical team"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"79","author":[{"given":"Khaled","family":"Alyaqout","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shamlan","family":"AlQinai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sulaiman","family":"Almazeedi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jamila S.","family":"Karim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Al-Youha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Salman","family":"Al-Sabah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-75-20260114","first-page":"1440","article-title":"Elective surgery cancellations due to the COVID-19 pandemic: global predictive modelling to inform surgical recovery plans","volume":"107","author":"COVIDSurg Collaborative","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br. J. Surg"},{"key":"R2-75-20260114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.11646","article-title":"Global guidance for surgical care during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"107","author":"COVIDSurg Collaborative","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br. J. Surg"},{"key":"R4-75-20260114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2018.10.028","article-title":"The SCARE 2018 statement: updating consensus Surgical CAse REport (SCARE) guidelines","volume":"60","author":"Agha","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Surg"},{"key":"R5-75-20260114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2020.11.005","article-title":"The PROCESS 2020 guideline: updating consensus Preferred Reporting Of CasE Series in Surgery (PROCESS) guidelines","volume":"84","author":"Agha","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Surg"},{"key":"R8-75-20260114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.21037\/atm.2016.12.23","article-title":"Augmented and virtual reality in surgery-the digital surgical environment: applications, limitations and legal pitfalls","volume":"4","author":"Khor","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann. Transl. Med"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Surgery Case Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2210261221000572?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2210261221000572?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/10.1016\/j.ijscr.2021.01.055","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T13:28:26Z","timestamp":1768397306000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/10.1016\/j.ijscr.2021.01.055"}},"subtitle":["A case series"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"references-count":5,"journal-issue":{"issue":"C","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijscr.2021.01.055","relation":{},"ISSN":["2210-2612"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2210-2612","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]}}}