{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T16:16:16Z","timestamp":1781194576772,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":8,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"C","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,8]],"date-time":"2021-02-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612742400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":38,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction and importance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Trapped fourth ventricle (TFV) also known as isolated fourth ventricle (IFV) is a rare clinico-radiologic entity with only a few cases reported in the literatures.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>The aim of this article is to present the first case of this condition in our center and highlight the challenges of arriving at clinical diagnosis and treatment in a resource limited setting.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Case presentation<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>An 18 months old girl who had ventriculoperitoneal shunt insertion for post meningitic hydrocephalus 4 months earlier presented with restlessness, ataxia, fever and inability to control her neck of one-week duration. On examination she was restless and had retro-colis with a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score of 11\/15 (E4V2M5).<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>She had an associated facial and abducent nerve palsies with global hypertonia, hyper-reflexia and muscle power of 3\/5.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>She was initially treated for shunt infection and malfunction. However, shunt series and CSF analysis were within normal limits and CSF culture yielded no growth of microorganisms. A CT scan of the brain which was ordered earlier was delayed for 10 days due to financial constraints. The CT scan revealed a trapped fourth ventricle and slit lateral and third ventricle.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>She had emergency fourth ventriculoperitoneal shunt inserted on the left because of the pre-existing supratentorial shunt on the right.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>She did well after the surgery and was discharged on the 10th postoperative day. She was doing well 12 months after the surgery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Relevance and impact<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>TFV may occur after insertion of VPS for post-meningitic hydrocephalus. This may present a diagnostic dilemma. Insertion of a second VPS may be an option in a resource limited setting.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Highlights<\/jats:title>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijscr.2021.02.024","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,9]],"date-time":"2021-02-09T21:32:54Z","timestamp":1612906374000},"page":"105638","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Trapped fourth ventricle"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"80","author":[{"given":"Happy Amos","family":"Dauda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danjuma","family":"Sale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R2-55-20260114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1007\/s003810100444","article-title":"Outlet fenestration for isolated fourth ventricle with and without an internal shunt","volume":"17","author":"Dollo","year":"2001","journal-title":"Child\u2019s NervSyst"},{"key":"R3-55-20260114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.130.3.503","article-title":"Computed tomography of trapped fourth ventricle","volume":"130","author":"Zimmerman","year":"1978","journal-title":"Am. 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Surg"},{"key":"R11-55-20260114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1981.55.5.0838","article-title":"Documentation of fourth ventricle entrapment by Metrizamide ventriculography and CT scanning: report of two cases","volume":"55","author":"Collada","year":"1981","journal-title":"Neurosurgery J"},{"key":"R12-55-20260114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1517","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-009-0925-4","article-title":"Unusual subacutediencephalic edema associated with a trapped fourth ventricle: resolution following foramen magnum decompression","volume":"25","author":"Suhas","year":"2009","journal-title":"Childs NervSyst"},{"key":"R13-55-20260114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1007\/s003810050031","article-title":"Complications after shunting isolated fourth ventricle","volume":"13","author":"Eder","year":"1997","journal-title":"Child\u2019s NervSyst"},{"key":"R14-55-20260114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1994.80.4.0759","article-title":"Stereotactic transtentorial hiatus ventriculoperitoneal shunting for the sequestered fourth ventricle","volume":"80","author":"Montes","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Surgery Case Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2210261221001346?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2210261221001346?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/10.1016\/j.ijscr.2021.02.024","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T13:43:38Z","timestamp":1768398218000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/10.1016\/j.ijscr.2021.02.024"}},"subtitle":["A case report and review of literature"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"references-count":8,"journal-issue":{"issue":"C","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijscr.2021.02.024","relation":{},"ISSN":["2210-2612"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2210-2612","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]}}}