{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T15:44:21Z","timestamp":1772639061566,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":7,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"C","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]],"date-time":"2022-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643673600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]],"date-time":"2022-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643673600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,12]],"date-time":"2022-01-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1641945600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Thoracic trauma is a significant cause of mortality, being responsible for 25% of trauma deaths. Despite this, azygos vein lacerations are rare, with only 35 published cases. We present two cases of azygos vein laceration over 21 years from 1999 to 2020 at a Level One Trauma Centre in Melbourne, Australia, as well as a review of the literature.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Case presentations:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The first case is a 38-year-old male who fell eight metres from a motorbike jump. He arrived in our emergency department in extremis. The second case is an 81-year-old female driver who presented following a motor vehicle crash. Both patients had massive right haemothorax and haemodynamic instability, so were transferred to the operating theatre for emergency thoracotomies. Both patients survived to hospital discharge.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Of the 37 cases of azygos vein injury, including our two, 36 were due to blunt trauma and one from penetrating trauma. Sixteen survived to hospital discharge, producing a 43% mortality rate. Only one of these survivors was managed non-operatively, the remainder underwent emergency thoracotomy and azygos vein ligation. The mortality rate reduced to 31% in those who underwent thoracotomy (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 29). Presentation was predominantly with shock (83%) and right hemithorax white-out on chest x-ray (81%).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Azygos vein injuries are a rare but important cause of thoracic haemorrhage in high-impact blunt trauma. They are often fatal, so management relies on expedient transfer to theatre.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Highlights<\/jats:title>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijscr.2022.106778","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,17]],"date-time":"2022-01-17T01:54:12Z","timestamp":1642384452000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Azygos vein lacerations, a rare injury from high-impact chest trauma"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"91","author":[{"given":"Christine","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katherine","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Read","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R2-34-20260304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2020.10.034","article-title":"The SCARE 2020 guideline: updating consensus Surgical CAse REport (SCARE) guidelines","volume":"84","author":"Agha","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Surg"},{"key":"R4-34-20260304","first-page":"637","article-title":"A case of isolated rupture of the azygos vein","volume":"26","author":"Spagliardi","year":"1978","journal-title":"Minerva Cardioangiol"},{"key":"R5-34-20260304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2106","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(01)02584-X","article-title":"Major mediastinal injury from crossbow bolt","volume":"72","author":"Endara","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann. Thorac. Surg"},{"key":"R6-34-20260304","first-page":"1255","article-title":"Isolated rupture of the azygos vein caused by contusive thoracic trauma","volume":"35","author":"Salizzoni","year":"1980","journal-title":"Minerva Chir"},{"key":"R7-34-20260304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-199510000-00029","article-title":"Traumatic injury to the azygous vein: case report","volume":"39","author":"Butler","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Trauma"},{"key":"R8-34-20260304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-4975(92)90339-6","article-title":"Intrapleural rupture of the azygos vein","volume":"53","author":"Thurman","year":"1992","journal-title":"Ann. Thorac. Surg"},{"key":"R9-34-20260304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-198906000-00033","article-title":"Blunt chest trauma with transection of the azygos vein: case report","volume":"29","author":"Snyder","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Trauma"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Surgery Case Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2210261222000244?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2210261222000244?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/10.1016\/j.ijscr.2022.106778","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T10:02:58Z","timestamp":1772618578000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/10.1016\/j.ijscr.2022.106778"}},"subtitle":["Two cases and a review of the literature"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"references-count":7,"journal-issue":{"issue":"C","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijscr.2022.106778","relation":{},"ISSN":["2210-2612"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2210-2612","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]}}}