{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T19:08:08Z","timestamp":1776884888697,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"C","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]],"date-time":"2022-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646092800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]],"date-time":"2022-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646092800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,5]],"date-time":"2022-02-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1644019200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction and importance:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Gallstone ileus is caused by an impaction of one or more gallstones within the gastrointestinal tract, leading to mechanical intestinal obstruction. It is a rare complication of cholelithiasis leading to the formation of a cholecystoenteric fistula and is associated with high mortality rates. We report a case of atypical subacute small bowel obstruction due to gallstone ileus.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Presentation of case:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>An 82-year-old man, with previously diagnosed cholelithiasis, presented with abdominal pain and vomiting for nine days. The contracted gallbladder with distended bowel loops was visualized on abdominal ultrasound. Computed tomography of the abdomen and pelvis revealed dilated loops of the small intestine with a gallstone in the proximal ileum, causing intestinal obstruction with pneumobilia, suggesting gallstone ileus with cholecystoduodenal fistula. The patient underwent an emergency laparotomy and enterolithotomy to remove the impacting gallstone. The cholecystoduodenal fistula was left undisturbed due to the significant risk of duodenal injury. The patient had an uneventful postoperative recovery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Gallstone ileus almost always requires surgical management. However, performing an interval biliary surgery is based on the clinical judgment of the surgeon. In our case, the patient's clinical status determined the treatment in which an enterotomy with stone extraction alone was largely sufficient, and has supported the literature. Gallstone ileus is an important differential diagnosis in elderly patients with gallstone disease, untreated or undiagnosed, presenting with features of small bowel obstruction.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Highlights<\/jats:title>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijscr.2022.106820","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,8]],"date-time":"2022-02-08T02:13:52Z","timestamp":1644286432000},"page":"106820","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["An unusual case of subacute small bowel obstruction - Gallstone ileus"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"92","author":[{"given":"Nischal","family":"Shrestha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aakash","family":"Mishra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roshan","family":"Ghimire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-15-20260310","first-page":"273","article-title":"Gallstone obstruction of the intestine: an analysis of ten patients and a review of the literature","volume":"101","author":"van Hillo","year":"1987","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"R2-15-20260310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0b013e31827eefed","article-title":"Surgery for gallstone ileus: a nationwide comparison of trends and outcomes","volume":"259","author":"Halabi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann. Surg"},{"key":"R3-15-20260310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2020.10.034","article-title":"Guideline: updating consensus Surgical CAse REport (SCARE) guidelines","volume":"84","author":"Agha","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Surg"},{"key":"R4-15-20260310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1294","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-007-9011-9","article-title":"Gallstone ileus: diagnosis and management","volume":"31","author":"Ayantunde","year":"2007","journal-title":"World J. Surg"},{"key":"R5-15-20260310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9610(86)90550-7","article-title":"Improving the outcome in gallstone ileus","volume":"151","author":"Deitz","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am. J. Surg"},{"key":"R6-15-20260310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.1016\/j.suc.2008.07.011","article-title":"Complications of gallstones: the Mirizzi syndrome, gallstone ileus, gallstone pancreatitis, complications of \u201clost\u201d gallstones","volume":"88","author":"Zaliekas","year":"2008","journal-title":"Surg. Clin. North Am"},{"key":"R7-15-20260310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.4240\/wjgs.v8.i1.65","article-title":"Gallstone ileus, clinical presentation, diagnostic and treatment approach","volume":"8","author":"Nu\u00f1o-Guzm\u00e1n","year":"2016","journal-title":"World J. Gastrointest. Surg"},{"key":"R8-15-20260310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1007\/s12262-013-0818-3","article-title":"Resolution of gallstone ileus with spontaneous evacuation of gallstone: a case report","volume":"75","author":"Tandon","year":"2013","journal-title":"IndianJ. Surg"},{"key":"R9-15-20260310","first-page":"441","article-title":"Gallstone ileus: a review of 1001 reported cases","volume":"60","author":"Reisner","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am. Surg"},{"key":"R10-15-20260310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1007\/s13304-017-0495-z","article-title":"Gallstone ileus: monocentric experience looking for the adequate approach","volume":"70","author":"Scuderi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Updat. Surg"},{"key":"R11-15-20260310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-002-6569-0","article-title":"Comparison of surgical treatments of gallstone ileus: preliminary report","volume":"27","author":"Doko","year":"2003","journal-title":"World J. Surg"},{"key":"R12-15-20260310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800770707","article-title":"Gallstone ileus","volume":"77","author":"Clavien","year":"2005","journal-title":"Br. J. Surg"},{"key":"R13-15-20260310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-196612000-00015","article-title":"Choice of operation for gallstone intestinal obstruction","volume":"164","author":"Warshaw","year":"1966","journal-title":"Ann. Surg"},{"key":"R14-15-20260310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1308\/003588410X12664192076377","article-title":"The operative management of gallstone ileus","volume":"92","author":"Ravikumar","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann. R. Coll. Surg. Engl"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Surgery Case Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2210261222000669?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2210261222000669?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/10.1016\/j.ijscr.2022.106820","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T10:01:34Z","timestamp":1773136894000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/10.1016\/j.ijscr.2022.106820"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"C","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijscr.2022.106820","relation":{},"ISSN":["2210-2612"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2210-2612","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]}}}