{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,11]],"date-time":"2026-11-11T12:00:18Z","timestamp":1794398418995,"version":"4.9.0"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"C","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]],"date-time":"2022-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646092800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]],"date-time":"2022-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646092800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,10]],"date-time":"2022-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1644451200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Xanthogranulomatous orchitis is an extremely rare condition of the test is marked by the necrosis and effacement of testicular parenchyma by an inflammatory process. The current study aims to report a case of xanthogranulomatous epididymo-orchitis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Case report:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A 35-year-old man presented with a history of recurrent attacks of dull pain and swelling of the right side of the scrotum for 3 weeks. He denied having any history of trauma or urinary symptoms. Physical examination revealed tenderness and warmth of the right side of the scrotum. Urine culture was negative. The patient managed operatively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The underlying pathophysiology of xanthogranulomatous orchitis is yet unknown. The pathogenesis of this inflammatory process in the testis is frequently driven by obstruction of the epididymis or the urinary tract. Urinary tract infection has also been considered as an etiologic factor.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Xanthogranulomatous orchitis is an uncommon testicular inflammatory condition. Histopathologic examination is required for definitive diagnosis and for the exclusion of occult germ cell malignancy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Highlights<\/jats:title>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijscr.2022.106832","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,12]],"date-time":"2022-02-12T03:27:46Z","timestamp":1644636466000},"page":"106832","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Xanthogranulomatous epididymo-orchitis"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"92","author":[{"given":"Rawa","family":"Bapir","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rawa M.","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dahat A.","family":"Hussien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diyar A.","family":"Omar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fahmi H.","family":"Kakamad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdulwahid M.","family":"Salih","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shvan H.","family":"Mohammed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-23-20260310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.sc.3101045","article-title":"Xanthogranulomatous funiculitis and epididymo-orchitis in a tetraplegic patient","volume":"38","author":"Vaidyanathan","year":"2000","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"key":"R2-23-20260310","first-page":"92","article-title":"Xanthogranulomatous orchitis: rare case with brief literature review","volume":"13","author":"Alazab","year":"2017","journal-title":"Urol. Case Rep"},{"key":"R3-23-20260310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/1179547619890295","article-title":"Xanthogranulomatous orchitis presenting as a scrotal mass in an elderly male: malignancy or mimicker?","volume":"12","author":"Sharma","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Med. Insights Case Rep"},{"key":"R4-23-20260310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-2042.2006.01258.x","article-title":"Xanthogranulomatous orchitis in an adult Nigerian","volume":"13","author":"Salako","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int. J. Urol"},{"key":"R5-23-20260310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-2042.2006.01714.x","article-title":"Xanthogranulomatous orchitis: review of the published work and report of one case","volume":"14","author":"Al-Said","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int. J. Urol"},{"key":"R6-23-20260310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2020.10.034","article-title":"The SCARE 2020 guideline: updating consensus surgical CAse REport (SCARE) guidelines","volume":"84","author":"Agha","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Surg"},{"key":"R7-23-20260310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prp.2011.11.003","article-title":"Bilateral xanthogranulomatous orchitis in a tetraplegic patient","volume":"208","author":"Val-Bernal","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pathol.Res. Pract"},{"key":"R8-23-20260310","first-page":"3094","article-title":"Xanthogranulomatous orchitis after blunt testicular trauma mimicking a testicular tumor: a case report and comparison with published cases","volume":"14","author":"Yamashita","year":"2017","journal-title":"Urol. 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Pract"},{"key":"R14-23-20260310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2007.12.007","article-title":"Xanthogranulomatous orchitis in a patient with a history of instrumentation and bacillus calmette-guerin therapy","volume":"72","author":"Hill","year":"2008","journal-title":"Urology"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Surgery Case Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2210261222000785?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2210261222000785?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/10.1016\/j.ijscr.2022.106832","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T10:02:24Z","timestamp":1773136944000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/10.1016\/j.ijscr.2022.106832"}},"subtitle":["A case report with review of the literature"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"C","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijscr.2022.106832","relation":{},"ISSN":["2210-2612"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2210-2612","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]}}}