{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]],"date-time":"2026-03-14T18:00:26Z","timestamp":1773511226628,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"C","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]],"date-time":"2022-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646092800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]],"date-time":"2022-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646092800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,15]],"date-time":"2022-02-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1644883200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Group A streptococcus (GAS) occasionally causes life-threatening infections. We encountered a case of GAS peritonitis associated with bilateral salpingitis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Case presentation:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A 56-year-old previously healthy woman suddenly experienced a fever of 40 \u00b0C and lower abdominal pain, and was taken to the emergency room. She exhibited a condition of severe sepsis with pan-peritonitis. Although an intra-peritoneal source of infection was not detected preoperatively, an exploratory laparotomy was performed at 3 h after her arrival. During the surgery, bilateral salpingitis was observed. Peritoneal drainage was performed. Meropenem was administered and she was extubated on the next day. GAS was detected in the vaginal fluid culture and ascitic fluid culture. Antibiotics therapy was completed on postoperative day 9 and the patient was discharged on day 10 without any complications.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A literature review was performed using the following algorithm: \u201c(group A streptococcus OR\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">streptococcus pyogenes<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) AND (peritonitis)\u201d. All case reports and case series published in English after 1990 were reviewed.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fifty-six reports including 65 cases were eligible. There was a strong sex difference, with 80% of cases being female. All patients had symptoms of peritonitis, 80% had high-grade fever, and 74% had shock. The average time from onset to start of treatment was 3.8 days. Abdominal surgeries were required in 80% of cases. Multiple organ failure developed in 23%, and the mortality rate was 4.6%.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>GAS peritonitis is a rare but life-threatening disease. Emergency surgical exploration and drainage are required to prevent progression to multiple organ failure.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Highlights<\/jats:title>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijscr.2022.106839","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,18]],"date-time":"2022-02-18T02:25:42Z","timestamp":1645151142000},"page":"106839","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Peritonitis caused by group A streptococcus"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"92","author":[{"given":"Fusao","family":"Sumiyama","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tatsuma","family":"Sakaguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Keigo","family":"Yamamichi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mitsugu","family":"Sekimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-30-20260310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.0287","article-title":"The third international consensus definitions for sepsis and septic shock (Sepsis-3)","volume":"315","author":"Singer","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"R2-30-20260310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2020.10.034","article-title":"The SCARE 2020 guideline: updating consensus surgical CAse REport (SCARE) guidelines","volume":"84","author":"Agha","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Surg"},{"key":"R4-30-20260310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.3390\/idr13010005","article-title":"Primary peritonitis secondary to streptococcus pyogenes in a young female adult\u2014a case report and literature review","volume":"13","author":"Aw","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr. Infect. Dis. Rep"},{"key":"R9-30-20260310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.20344\/amp.10053","article-title":"From the pharynx to the abdomen: a case of primary peritonitis","volume":"31","author":"Varela","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Medica Port"},{"key":"R10-30-20260310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1080\/20009666.2018.1527669","article-title":"Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome with primary group a streptococcus peritonitis in a healthy female","volume":"8","author":"Wahab","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Commun. Hosp. Intern. Med. Perspect"},{"key":"R12-30-20260310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1111\/jpc.13584","article-title":"Group a streptococcal primary peritonitis in a healthy girl","volume":"53","author":"Chomton","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Paediatr. Child Health"},{"key":"R14-30-20260310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2523","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.8552-16","article-title":"Group a streptococcal peritonitis and toxic shock syndrome in a postmenopausal woman","volume":"56","author":"Iwata","year":"2017","journal-title":"Intern. Med"},{"key":"R15-30-20260310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.4137\/CCRep.S40217","article-title":"Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome: life saving role of peritoneal lavage and drainage","volume":"9","author":"Yokoyama","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Med. Insights Case Rep"},{"key":"R16-30-20260310","first-page":"231","article-title":"Primary peritonitis by streptococcus pyogenes. A condition as rare as it is aggressive","volume":"108","author":"Abell\u00e1n Morcillo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Rev. Esp. Enferm. Dig"},{"key":"R17-30-20260310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2015.06.010","article-title":"Acute abdomen due to group a streptococcus bacteremia caused by an isolate with a mutation in the csrS gene","volume":"21","author":"Kaneko","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Infect. Chemother"},{"key":"R18-30-20260310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1177\/0009922814526987","article-title":"Abdominal pain, fever, and infection secondary to an unusual source in a previously healthy child","volume":"53","author":"Filan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Pediatr"},{"key":"R19-30-20260310","first-page":"9","article-title":"Bacterial isolates associated with pelvic inflammatory disease among female patients attending some hospitals in Abuja, Nigeria","volume":"8","author":"Spencer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Afr. J. Infect. Dis"},{"key":"R21-30-20260310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijscr.2014.10.060","article-title":"Group a streptococci: a rare and often misdiagnosed cause of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in adults","volume":"6","author":"Malota","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Surg. Case Rep"},{"key":"R22-30-20260310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1155","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e31829aa66b","article-title":"Group a streptococcal primary ileitis","volume":"32","author":"Cheung","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J"},{"key":"R24-30-20260310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1445-2197.2012.06007.x","article-title":"Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis: a rare mimic of acute appendicitis","volume":"82","author":"Preece","year":"2012","journal-title":"ANZ J. Surg"},{"key":"R25-30-20260310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e31824f1b0d","article-title":"Primary group a streptococcal peritonitis in a previously healthy child","volume":"31","author":"Demitrack","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J"},{"key":"R26-30-20260310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2012.27.5.553","article-title":"Unusual primary peritonitis due to Streptococcus pyogenes in a young healthy woman","volume":"27","author":"Park","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Korean Med. Sci"},{"key":"R27-30-20260310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e69","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/105850","article-title":"Primary peritonitis due to group a streptococcus in a previously healthy pediatric patient","volume":"23","author":"Holden","year":"2012","journal-title":"Can. J. Infect. Dis. Med. Microbiol"},{"key":"R28-30-20260310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviscsurg.2011.07.002","article-title":"Primary peritonitis due to streptococcus a: laparoscopic treatment","volume":"148","author":"Legras","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Visc. Surg"},{"key":"R29-30-20260310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2010.2574","article-title":"Group a streptococcal peritonitis and ruptured tubo-ovarian abscess three years after essure \u00ae insertion: a case report","volume":"20","author":"Solt","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Women's Health"},{"key":"R30-30-20260310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1089\/sur.2009.064","article-title":"Phlegmonous gastritis and group a streptococcal toxic shock syndrome in a patient following functional endoscopic sinus surgery","volume":"11","author":"Paik","year":"2010","journal-title":"Surg. Infect"},{"key":"R32-30-20260310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.6822","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of spontaneous group a streptococcal peritonitis","volume":"97","author":"Monneuse","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br. J. Surg"},{"key":"R35-30-20260310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1146","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e3181bdbd9f","article-title":"Group a streptococcus causing primary peritonitis in a healthy infant","volume":"28","author":"Sewrey","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J"},{"key":"R36-30-20260310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.4037\/ajcc2009615","article-title":"Mystery or Misery? Primary group a streptococcal peritonitis in women: case report","volume":"19","author":"Haap","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Crit. Care"},{"key":"R38-30-20260310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2008.08.001","article-title":"Primary peritonitis due to Streptococcus pyogenes with reduced susceptibility to fluoroquinolones","volume":"62","author":"Doloy","year":"2008","journal-title":"Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis"},{"key":"R44-30-20260310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.5858\/2004-128-801-PGAWKS","article-title":"Phlegmonous gastritis associated with kaposi sarcoma: a case report and review of the literature","volume":"128","author":"Yu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med"},{"key":"R45-30-20260310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1016\/S0736-4679(02)00436-5","article-title":"Fulminant infection and toxic shock syndrome caused by streptococcus pyogenes","volume":"22","author":"Fox","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Emerg. Med"},{"key":"R47-30-20260310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1829","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-002-1533-x","article-title":"Persistent primary peritonitis due to group a streptococcus and E. Coli","volume":"28","author":"Gavala","year":"2002","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"R50-30-20260310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1024\/1023-9332.7.1.25","article-title":"Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome revealed by a peritonitis. Case report and review of the literature","volume":"7","author":"Vuilleumier","year":"2001","journal-title":"Swiss Surg"},{"key":"R53-30-20260310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1097\/00004836-200004000-00030","article-title":"Primary peritonitis due to group a streptococcus","volume":"30","author":"Moskovitz","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Clin. Gastroenterol"},{"key":"R54-30-20260310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1053\/jinf.2000.0645","article-title":"Necrotizing proctitis caused by streptococcus pyogenes","volume":"40","author":"Barnham","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Infect"},{"key":"R55-30-20260310","first-page":"156","article-title":"Necrotizing fasciitis of the retroperitoneum: an unusual presentation of group A Streptococcus infection","volume":"41","author":"Devin","year":"1998","journal-title":"Can. J. Surg"},{"key":"R57-30-20260310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.3109\/00365549509019001","article-title":"Primary group a streptococcal peritonitis","volume":"27","author":"Graham","year":"1995","journal-title":"Scand. J. Infect. Dis"},{"key":"R58-30-20260310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.67.1.126","article-title":"Streptococcus associated toxic shock","volume":"67","author":"Torres-Martinez","year":"1992","journal-title":"Arch. Dis. Child"},{"key":"R59-30-20260310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/s40560-017-0270-8","article-title":"The japanese clinical practice guidelines for Management of Sepsis and Septic Shock 2016 (J-SSCG 2016)","volume":"6","author":"Nishida","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Intensive Care"},{"key":"R61-30-20260310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1071\/SH05062","article-title":"Two cases of group a streptococcal vulvovaginitis in premenopausal adults in a sexual health setting","volume":"3","author":"Bray","year":"2006","journal-title":"Sex. Health"},{"key":"R62-30-20260310","first-page":"217","article-title":"Vaginal-rectal colonization with group a streptococci in late pregnancy","volume":"8","author":"Mead","year":"2000","journal-title":"Infect. Dis. Obstet. Gynecol"},{"key":"R63-30-20260310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1097\/PAT.0b013e3283582983","article-title":"Vaginal carriage rate of streptococcal pyogenes in 1600 pregnant women","volume":"44","author":"Saab","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pathology"},{"key":"R64-30-20260310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1080\/00325481.2020.1760031","article-title":"Invasive group a streptococcal postpartum endometritis associated with multi-organ infarctions: an uncommon case presentation and literature review","volume":"132","author":"Riad","year":"2020","journal-title":"Postgrad. Med"},{"key":"R68-30-20260310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-199302000-00003","article-title":"Streptococcal toxic shock-like syndrome. The importance of surgical intervention","volume":"217","author":"Wood","year":"1993","journal-title":"Ann. Surg"},{"key":"R69-30-20260310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1089\/sur.2012.038","article-title":"Management of Primary Group a Streptococcal Peritonitis: a systematic review","volume":"14","author":"Westwood","year":"2013","journal-title":"Surg. Infect"},{"key":"R70-30-20260310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.3747\/pdi.2018.00232","article-title":"Creating and maintaining optimal peritoneal dialysis access in the adult patient: 2019 update","volume":"39","author":"Crabtree","year":"2019","journal-title":"Perit. Dial. Int"},{"key":"R72-30-20260310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciu444","article-title":"Executive summary: practice guidelines for the diagnosis and Management of Skin and Soft Tissue Infections: 2014 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America","volume":"59","author":"Stevens","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis"},{"key":"R73-30-20260310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa027","article-title":"Risk factors and predictors of mortality in streptococcal necrotizing soft-tissue infections: a multicenter prospective study","volume":"72","author":"Bruun","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis"},{"key":"R74-30-20260310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1434","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciy401","article-title":"Polyspecific intravenous immunoglobulin in clindamycin-treated patients with streptococcal toxic shock syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"67","author":"Parks","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Surgery Case Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2210261222000852?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2210261222000852?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/10.1016\/j.ijscr.2022.106839","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T10:06:44Z","timestamp":1773137204000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/10.1016\/j.ijscr.2022.106839"}},"subtitle":["A case report and literature review"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"C","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijscr.2022.106839","relation":{},"ISSN":["2210-2612"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2210-2612","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]}}}