{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T15:49:13Z","timestamp":1772639353318,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"C","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,1]],"date-time":"2022-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651363200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,1]],"date-time":"2022-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651363200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,24]],"date-time":"2022-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1650758400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among a plethora of causes of acute abdomen, spontaneous common bile duct perforation (SCBDP) resulting in biliary peritonitis is almost never envisaged. Since the term SCBDP is often misconstrued as absence of an identifiable cause of perforation, \u2018nontraumatic perforation of CBD\u2019 is also in parlance to exclude relatively common causes such as trauma and iatrogenic injuries. In adults, choledochal cyst, cholangitis, infection, pancreatitis, pancreatobiliary maljunction have been identified as causes of perforation, however, choledocholithiasis remains the most common cause associated with spontaneous perforation of extra hepatic bile duct.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Case presentation:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Here we present three cases of a spontaneous common bile duct perforation that presented as acute abdomen with peritonitis. Clinical presentation, biochemical abnormalities, imaging details, treatment options, and outcome were studied. This study has been reported in line with the SCARE 2020 Guideline [1].<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion and conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Spontaneous perforation of the extrahepatic bile duct is a rare but important presentation of gallstones in adults and needs a high index of suspicion during day-to-day practice. Surgeons should seek out this uncommon diagnosis in the patient for early surgical intervention and appropriate drainage to ensure survival.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Highlights<\/jats:title>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijscr.2022.107127","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,1]],"date-time":"2022-05-01T09:48:14Z","timestamp":1651398494000},"page":"107127","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Acute abdomen with jaundice"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"94","author":[{"given":"Anjay","family":"Kumar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shalini","family":"Sonali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Santosh","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mritunjay","family":"Sarawgi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-126-20260304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2020.10.034","article-title":"The SCARE 2020 guideline: updating consensus surgical CAse REport (SCARE) guidelines","volume":"1","author":"Agha","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Surg"},{"key":"R4-126-20260304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/5321304","article-title":"Spontaneous perforation of common bile duct: a rare presentation of gall stones disease","volume":"2016","author":"Subasinghe","year":"2016","journal-title":"Case Rep. Gastrointest. Med"},{"key":"R5-126-20260304","first-page":"518","article-title":"Spontaneous perforation of bile duct, clinical presentation, laboratory work up, treatment, and outcome","volume":"28","author":"Suleman","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Ayub Med. Coll. Abbottabad"},{"key":"R6-126-20260304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.139.10.1083","article-title":"Nontraumatic perforation of the bile duct in adults","volume":"139","author":"Kang","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch. Surg"},{"key":"R8-126-20260304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)21289-1","article-title":"Rupture of the hepatic duct","volume":"119","author":"Freeland","year":"1882","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R9-126-20260304","first-page":"422","article-title":"Bile peritonitis due to spontaneous perforation of the left hepatic duct: a case report","volume":"48","author":"Kobayashi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Jpn. Med. Assoc. J"},{"key":"R10-126-20260304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4076\/1757-1626-2-6273","article-title":"Spontaneous common bile duct perforation due to chronic pancreatitis, presenting as a huge cystic retroperitoneal mass: a case report","volume":"2","author":"Ya\u015far","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cases J"},{"key":"R11-126-20260304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2008-1071113","article-title":"Spontaneous perforation of choledochal cyst: a study of 13 cases","volume":"8","author":"Ando","year":"1998","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pediatr. Surg"},{"key":"R12-126-20260304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(17)30002-X","article-title":"Pancreaticobiliary maljunction and congenital biliary dilatation","volume":"2","author":"Kamisawa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol. Hepatol"},{"key":"R13-126-20260304","first-page":"34","article-title":"Spontaneous common bile duct perforation\u2014a rare clinical entity","volume":"1","author":"Amberger","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Surg. Case Rep"},{"key":"R14-126-20260304","first-page":"237","article-title":"Management of common bile duct obstruction associated with spontaneous perforation of the biliary tree","volume":"111","author":"Megison","year":"1992","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"R15-126-20260304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3468(96)90132-3","article-title":"Spontaneous biliary perforation: does external drainage constitute adequate therapy?","volume":"31","author":"Spigland","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Surg"},{"key":"R16-126-20260304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1159\/000018655","article-title":"Spontaneous perforation of the hepatic duct in adults","volume":"15","author":"Paladugu","year":"1998","journal-title":"Dig. Surg"},{"key":"R17-126-20260304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.68.804.837","article-title":"Biliary peritonitis secondary to perforation of the common bile duct: an unusual presentation of chronic calcific pancreatitis","volume":"68","author":"Kumar","year":"1992","journal-title":"Postgrad. Med. J"},{"key":"R18-126-20260304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-198108000-00011","article-title":"Surgical management of spontaneous hepatic duct perforations","volume":"194","author":"Suarez","year":"1981","journal-title":"Ann. Surg"},{"key":"R19-126-20260304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-197604000-00018","article-title":"Spontaneous rupture of the common bile duct","volume":"183","author":"Spira","year":"1976","journal-title":"Ann. Surg"},{"key":"R20-126-20260304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1159\/000018655","article-title":"Spontaneous perforation of the hepatic duct in adults","volume":"15","author":"Paladugu","year":"1998","journal-title":"Dig. Surg"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Surgery Case Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S221026122200373X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S221026122200373X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/10.1016\/j.ijscr.2022.107127","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T10:07:33Z","timestamp":1772618853000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/10.1016\/j.ijscr.2022.107127"}},"subtitle":["A clue to extrahepatic biliary tract perforation"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"C","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijscr.2022.107127","relation":{},"ISSN":["2210-2612"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2210-2612","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]}}}