{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T18:54:13Z","timestamp":1782932053522,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"C","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]],"date-time":"2022-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659312000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]],"date-time":"2022-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659312000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,25]],"date-time":"2022-07-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1658707200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n Persistent Mullerian duct syndrome (PMDS) is a genetic disorder characterized by the persistence of Mullerian structures of fallopian tubes, uterus, and upper two-thirds of the vagina in a normal XY male. It is a rare genetic disorder that has been reported less than two hundred times. More rarely it may be seen in association with transverse testicular ectopia (TTE).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Presentation of cases:<\/jats:title>\n Four patients presented with swelling in the inguinal region and undescended testes. Pre-op ultrasound was done on three of these patients and it showed a hernia with testes inside the hernial sac. Hernia surgery was planned for these patients. One patient presented with a complaint of bilateral cryptorchidism that prompted laparoscopic exploration. In all five patients, on surgical exploration, Mullerian derivatives i.e., fallopian tubes, uterus, and vagina were found in the abdomen. Hernia surgery was done and Mullerian structures were excised. For undescended testes, patients had orchiopexy or orchidectomy depending on their respective age group.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Discussion:<\/jats:title>\n PMDS is caused by failure of production of Mullerian inhibiting substance. Mullerian structures other than causing inguinal hernia are also at risk of malignant transformation, which is the most important significance of this condition. In light of the risk of malignant transformation, Mullerian structures must be excised.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n To prevent the risk of malignant transformation in PMDS, the Mullerian structures must be excised. If PMDS is associated with TTE, orchiopexy must be done for pediatric patients and orchidectomy for adult patients.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Highlights<\/jats:title>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijscr.2022.107459","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,27]],"date-time":"2022-07-27T12:03:20Z","timestamp":1658923400000},"page":"107459","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Lessons learned from five patients of persistent Mullerian duct syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"97","author":[{"given":"Shehryar Ahmed Khan","family":"Niazi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Umer","family":"Mukhtar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rameez","family":"Hassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qasim","family":"Mehmood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-85-20260309","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.4103\/jiaps.JIAPS_61_17","article-title":"Persistent mullerian duct syndrome: a single-center experience","volume":"23","author":"Natarajan","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Indian Assoc. Pediatr. Surg"},{"key":"R2-85-20260309","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2012.11184.x","article-title":"Persistent M\u00fcllerian duct syndrome: Lessons learned from managing a series of eight patients over a 10-year period and review of literature regarding malignant risk from the M\u00fcllerian remnants","volume":"110","author":"Farikullah","year":"2012","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"key":"R3-85-20260309","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1721","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2016.06.005","article-title":"Persistent mullerian duct syndrome: a 24-year experience","volume":"51","author":"Saleem","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. 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Investig"},{"key":"R7-85-20260309","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijscr.2020.04.035","article-title":"Transverse testicular ectopia with persistent mullerian duct syndrome: an operative eureka","volume":"71","author":"Mukhtar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Surg. Case Rep"},{"key":"R8-85-20260309","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.21037\/tau-20-888","article-title":"Transverse testicular ectopia associated with persistent mullerian duct syndrome in infertile male: two case reports and literature review","volume":"10","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Transl. Androl. Urol"},{"key":"R9-85-20260309","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1007\/s12262-013-1029-7","article-title":"Persistent M\u00fcllerian duct syndrome (PMDS): a rare anomaly the general surgeon must know about","volume":"77","author":"Agrawal","year":"2015","journal-title":"Indian J. Surg"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Surgery Case Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2210261222007052?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2210261222007052?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/10.1016\/j.ijscr.2022.107459","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T09:04:48Z","timestamp":1773047088000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/10.1016\/j.ijscr.2022.107459"}},"subtitle":["A case series"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]},"references-count":9,"journal-issue":{"issue":"C","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijscr.2022.107459","relation":{},"ISSN":["2210-2612"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2210-2612","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]}}}