{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T18:48:02Z","timestamp":1792090082627,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"C","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,1]],"date-time":"2023-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680307200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,1]],"date-time":"2023-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680307200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,20]],"date-time":"2023-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1679270400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction and importance:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Gallbladder agenesis (GA) is a rare congenital anomaly. It results from failure of the formation of gallbladder primordium from the bile duct. This cohort of patients can present with symptoms of biliary colic and get misdiagnosed as cholecystitis or cholelithiasis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Case presentation:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Here we discuss a case of gallbladder agenesis presenting with symptoms of typical biliary colics in a 31 year old female patient during her second pregnancy. She underwent two ultrasound scans (USS) which couldn't visualise a gallbladder. She eventually had a magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) which confirmed the absence of a gallbladder.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical discussion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Diagnosis of gallbladder agenesis in adult life poses a diagnostic dilemma. This is partly due to misinterpretation of USS results. Still, some patients get diagnosed with this condition during attempted laparoscopic cholecystectomy. However, with a thorough understanding of the condition, unnecessary surgeries can be prevented.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Misdiagnosis is possible and can lead to unnecessary surgeries. Appropriate and timely investigations can diagnose GA. One should have high index of suspicion when an USS result shows a non-visualisation of the gallbladder, contracted or a shrunken gallbladder. It is prudent to further investigate this cohort of patients to rule out gallbladder agenesis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Highlights<\/jats:title>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijscr.2023.108019","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,22]],"date-time":"2023-03-22T13:50:22Z","timestamp":1679493022000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Gallbladder agenesis diagnosed during pregnancy- Case report and a literature review"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"105","author":[{"given":"Mihindukulasuriya Yvonne Presadini","family":"Pinto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shelbin","family":"Neelankavil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R2-53-20260318","first-page":"203","article-title":"Anatomy and embryology of the biliary tract","volume":"94","author":"Keplinger","year":"2014","journal-title":"Surg.Clin"},{"key":"R3-53-20260318","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2005.03740.x","article-title":"Agenesis of the gallbladder: difficulties in management","volume":"20","author":"Bani-Hani","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol"},{"key":"R4-53-20260318","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1097\/00004836-199304000-00014","article-title":"Agenesis of the gallbladder in symptomatic adults. A case and review of the literature","volume":"16","author":"Richards","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Clin. Gastroenterol"},{"key":"R5-53-20260318","first-page":"517","article-title":"Agenesis of the gallbladder: lessons to learn","volume":"10","author":"Balakrishnan","year":"2006","journal-title":"JSLS"},{"key":"R6-53-20260318","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.4318\/tjg.2011.0197","article-title":"Gallbladder agenesis with common bile duct stone: a rare case with a brief review of the literature","volume":"22","author":"Mittal","year":"2011","journal-title":"Turk J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"R7-53-20260318","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1007\/s595-002-8120-2","article-title":"Isolated agenesis of the gallbladder: report of a case","volume":"32","author":"Fisichella","year":"2002","journal-title":"Surg. Today"},{"key":"R8-53-20260318","first-page":"80","article-title":"Agenesis of gall bladder-a diagnostic dilemma","volume":"42","author":"Vijay","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Postgrad. 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Surg"},{"key":"R13-53-20260318","first-page":"106","article-title":"Agenesis of the gallbladder: case report and familial investigation","volume":"99","author":"Wilson","year":"1986","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"R16-53-20260318","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1257","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.1988.01400340083014","article-title":"Agenesis of the gallbladder without extrahepatic biliary atresia","volume":"123","author":"Bennion","year":"1988","journal-title":"Arch. Surg"},{"key":"R17-53-20260318","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.3349\/ymj.1992.33.4.364","article-title":"Congenital absence of gallbladder","volume":"33","author":"Cho","year":"1992","journal-title":"Yonsei Med. J"},{"key":"R19-53-20260318","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1752-1947-4-285","article-title":"Gallbladder agenesis diagnosed intra-operatively: a case report","volume":"4","author":"Malde","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Med. 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