{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T05:10:46Z","timestamp":1789621846884,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"C","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]],"date-time":"2023-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698796800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]],"date-time":"2023-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698796800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,22]],"date-time":"2023-10-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1697932800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction and importance:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Canal of Nuck hydrocele is a rare condition in females. Due to mild symptoms, it may be neglected, leading to complications, including infection and bleeding. The rarity of this condition, coupled with its potential for adverse outcomes, necessitates a high index of suspicion among treating surgeons to diagnose and promptly manage the case. We present five cases of the canal of Nuck hydrocele.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Case presentation:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We prospectively studied five cases of the canal of Nuck hydrocele admitted to our surgical department over two years. Three patients presented with painless, non-tender inguinal swelling, while two had tenderness. Three patients had a right-sided canal of Nuck hydrocele, one had a left-sided, and one had bilateral hydroceles. One patient had an associated indirect inguinal hernia. All patients were treated by carefully dissecting the hydrocele from the round ligament, followed by ligation of the canal of Nuck near the deep inguinal ring. The associated hernia was treated using herniotomy. All patients had an uneventful postoperative course with no recorded postoperative wound infection or recurrence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical discussion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The hydrocele of the Canal of Nuck develops from the failure of complete obliteration of the processus vaginalis in female patients. Most cases are asymptomatic and are usually found incidentally as painless swelling in the inguinolabial region. Surgery is the treatment of choice, as there is an increased incidence of associated complications such as infection and bleeding, and it also helps to confirm the diagnosis. The surgical procedure involves resection of the hydrocele, ligation of the neck of the processus vaginalis, and repair of any associated hernia, if present.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The canal of Nuck hydrocele is often overlooked in female pediatric patients with inguinolabial masses. Surgeons must maintain a high index of suspicion and perform prompt ultrasound examinations for an accurate diagnosis. Early surgical intervention is of utmost importance for preventing morbidity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Highlights<\/jats:title>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijscr.2023.108993","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,26]],"date-time":"2023-10-26T20:30:49Z","timestamp":1698352249000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Hydrocele of the Canal of Nuck"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"112","author":[{"given":"Shankar","family":"Adhikari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Om Prakash","family":"Bhatta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-81-20260316","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinimag.2018.02.003","article-title":"Anatomy and pathology of the canal of Nuck","volume":"51","author":"Nasser,","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Imaging"},{"key":"R2-81-20260316","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4026","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9124026","article-title":"Hydroceles of the canal of Nuck in adults\u2014diagnostic, treatment and results of a rare condition in females","volume":"9","author":"Fikatas,","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med"},{"key":"R3-81-20260316","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"rjac316","DOI":"10.1093\/jscr\/rjac316","article-title":"Hydrocele in the canal of nuck in a young female: a rare case report","volume":"2022","author":"Sood,","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Surg. Case Rep"},{"key":"R5-81-20260316","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2020.11.005","article-title":"Guideline: updating consensus preferred reporting of CasE series in surgery (PROCESS) guidelines","volume":"84","author":"Agha,","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Surg"},{"key":"R6-81-20260316","first-page":"333","article-title":"Cyst of the canal of Nuck in adult females: a case report and systematic review","volume":"12","author":"Prodromidou,","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomed. Rep"},{"key":"R8-81-20260316","first-page":"18","article-title":"Hydrocele of the canal of Nuck: value of radiological diagnosis","volume":"6","author":"Jagdale,","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Radiol. Case Rep"},{"key":"R9-81-20260316","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1097\/RUQ.0000000000000409","article-title":"Nuck Canal hernias, typical and unusual ultrasound findings","volume":"35","author":"Jedrzejewski,","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ultrasound Q"},{"key":"R10-81-20260316","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-017-3853-6","article-title":"Canal of Nuck hernia: a multimodality imaging review","volume":"47","author":"Rees,","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pediatr. Radiol"},{"key":"R11-81-20260316","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1002\/jcu.22390","article-title":"Cysts of the canal of Nuck: a rare sonographic diagnosis","volume":"45","author":"Lai,","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Clin. Ultrasound JCU"},{"key":"R12-81-20260316","first-page":"1353","article-title":"The cyst of the canal of Nuck: anatomy, diagnostic and treatment of a very rare diagnosis\u2014a","volume":"58","author":"Kohlhauser,","year":"2022","journal-title":"Case Report of an Adult Woman and Narrative Review of the Literature, Medicina (Mex"},{"key":"R13-81-20260316","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1273","DOI":"10.1177\/0003134821998672","article-title":"Large canal of Nuck hernia: The female equivalent of the inguinoscrotal hernia","volume":"89","author":"Hassan,","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am. Surg"},{"key":"R14-81-20260316","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.epsc.2017.09.025","article-title":"Hydrocele of the canal of Nuck","volume":"29","author":"ALSaleh,","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg Case Rep"},{"key":"R15-81-20260316","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijscr.2014.08.016","article-title":"Laparoscopic diagnosis and treatment of a hydrocele of the canal of Nuck extending in the retroperitoneal space: a case report","volume":"5","author":"Matsumoto,","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Surg. Case Rep"},{"key":"R16-81-20260316","first-page":"143","article-title":"Surgical treatment of cyst of the canal of Nuck and prevention of lymphatic complications: a single-center experience","volume":"52","author":"Cornacchia,","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lymphology"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Surgery Case Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2210261223011227?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2210261223011227?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/10.1016\/j.ijscr.2023.108993","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T10:01:13Z","timestamp":1773655273000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/10.1016\/j.ijscr.2023.108993"}},"subtitle":["A report of five cases"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"C","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijscr.2023.108993","relation":{},"ISSN":["2210-2612"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2210-2612","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]}}}