{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T13:43:29Z","timestamp":1780407809947,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"C","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,1]],"date-time":"2024-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711929600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,1]],"date-time":"2024-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711929600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,28]],"date-time":"2024-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709078400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Primary pleural hydatid cysts (PPHCs) are a rare clinical condition caused by the larval stage of the parasite Echinococcus granulosus. They occur in &lt;1 % of all hydatid cysts in the body and can cause serious complications such as pneumothorax, pleural effusion, and mediastinal shift.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Presentation of case:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We report a rare case of a 28-year-old female who was initially misdiagnosed and ignored her pneumothorax for several months, resulting in progressive dyspnea and chest pain. After performing radiological images, a primary pleural hydatid cyst was suspected. She was surgically treated and the cyst was removed by our doctors and the patient improved without any significant complications.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PPHCs are a challenging diagnosis due to their nonspecific symptoms and low prevalence. They can mimic other pleural diseases such as tuberculosis, empyema, or malignancy. The diagnosis of PPHCs requires a high index of suspicion and a combination of imaging, serology, and histopathology. The treatment of choice is surgical removal of the cyst, along with perioperative anthelmintic therapy to prevent recurrence and anaphylaxis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PPHCs are a rare but potentially life-threatening condition that requires early diagnosis and management. Clinicians should be aware of this entity and include it in the differential diagnosis of pleural diseases, especially in developing countries. Surgical treatment is effective and safe, and can improve the quality of life of patients with PPHCs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Highlights<\/jats:title>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijscr.2024.109463","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,5]],"date-time":"2024-03-05T03:23:00Z","timestamp":1709608980000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["A primary pleural hydatid cyst was discovered months after an undiagnosed pneumothorax: A diagnostic and therapeutic dilemma in a rare case report from Syria"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"117","author":[{"given":"Hamdah","family":"Hanifa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Turki","family":"Al-Shaher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of medicine, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mamoun","family":"Jaber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Kalamoon, Al-Nabk, Syria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaafar","family":"Alatm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Al-Kalamoon Hospital, Al-Nabk, Syria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khayry","family":"Al-Shami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salem Algomaa","family":"Alhadid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Surgery, Al Kindi Hospital, Damascus, Syria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"R1-16-20260423","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmedc.2009.09.001","article-title":"Respiratory medicine CME giant hydatid lung cysts: about two paediatric cases","volume":"3","author":"Besbes,","year":"2010","journal-title":"Respir Med CME [Internet]."},{"issue":"January","key":"R2-16-20260423","article-title":"Ruptured hydatid cyst presenting with a hydropneumothorax in a 16-year-old boy: a case report from Syria","volume":"105","author":"Ataya,","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Surg Case Rep [Internet]."},{"issue":"April","key":"R3-16-20260423","first-page":"102290","article-title":"A rare case of numerous hydatid cysts in the pleural cavity without extrapleural involvement","volume":"65","author":"Bara,","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Med Surg [Internet]."},{"issue":"5","key":"R4-16-20260423","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1136","DOI":"10.1097\/JS9.0000000000000373","article-title":"The SCARE 2023 guideline: updating consensus Surgical CAse REport (SCARE) guidelines","volume":"109","author":"Sohrabi,","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. 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