{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T13:07:18Z","timestamp":1774444038175,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"C","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,1]],"date-time":"2024-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714521600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,1]],"date-time":"2024-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714521600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,18]],"date-time":"2024-03-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710720000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction and importance:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis is an uncommon, long-lasting inflammatory condition of the female breast. It is characterized by the development of a painful breast mass that gradually increases in size. This condition is benign and its cause is unknown. It primarily affects women of childbearing age who have a history of pregnancy and breastfeeding. The main feature of idiopathic granulomatous mastitis is the presence of chronic inflammation in the breast.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Case presentation:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We report a 36-year-old woman with a history of pregnancy and breastfeeding presented with pain and swelling of the right breast. Physical examination revealed a mass with redness and retraction of the nipple. Imaging revealed localized density and hypoechoic areas with collection, suggesting granulomatous mastitis. A biopsy confirmed the diagnosis. The abscess was drained through a small incision performed under local anesthesia. Treatment with corticosteroids resulted in significant improvement, with complete resolution after one month.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical discussion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A comprehensive evaluation of potential causes is necessary to confirm the diagnosis of idiopathic granulomatous mastitis. Histologically, it is distinguished by the predominant presence of neutrophils and the absence of caseous necrosis. Treatment remains controversial, with recent literature supporting the efficacy of conservative management with steroid and immunosuppressive therapy, leaving surgical excision for complicated and refractory cases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis is an uncommon breast condition where the exact causes and recommended treatment approaches are not well-defined. It is important to consider this condition in women who are in their reproductive years.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Highlights<\/jats:title>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijscr.2024.109555","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,22]],"date-time":"2024-03-22T07:29:58Z","timestamp":1711092598000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis: A challenging case report and comprehensive review of the literature"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"118","author":[{"given":"Abdelhamid","family":"Benlghazi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hamza","family":"Messaoudi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Moad","family":"Belouad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rachid","family":"Ait Bouhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Moulay Mehdi","family":"Elhassani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jaouad","family":"Kouach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-12-20260325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12893-021-01210-6","article-title":"Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis: challenges of treatment in iranian women","volume":"21","author":"Shojaee,","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Surg."},{"key":"R2-12-20260325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1007\/s10549-018-4870-3","article-title":"Granulomatous mastitis: etiology, imaging, pathology, treatment, and clinical findings","volume":"171","author":"Barreto,","year":"2018","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res. 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Reprod."},{"issue":"2","key":"R6-12-20260325","first-page":"109","article-title":"A clinicopathological review of 34 cases of inflammatory breast disease showing an association between corynebacteria infection and granulomatous mastitis","volume":"35","author":"Taylor,","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pathology"},{"issue":"9","key":"R7-12-20260325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.35.9.941","article-title":"Granulomatous mastitis: a report of seven cases","volume":"35","author":"Fletcher,","year":"1982","journal-title":"J. Clin. Pathol."},{"issue":"2","key":"R8-12-20260325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2007.07.041","article-title":"Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis: a 25-year experience","volume":"206","author":"Al-Khaffaf,","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. 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