{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T13:09:25Z","timestamp":1774444165597,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"C","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]],"date-time":"2024-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719792000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]],"date-time":"2024-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719792000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,4]],"date-time":"2024-06-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717459200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction and importance:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ectopic pituitary neuroendocrine tumor (EPNET) is a very rare entity, seldom with apoplexy evolution. Only three cases of intracranial ectropic pituitary neuroendocrine tumor apoplexy were reported in the literature.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Case presentation:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We report the case of a 45-year-old woman with a history of amenorrhea, and headaches. Neuroimaging showed a very aggressive giant mass within the clivus with the invasion of the sphenoidal sinus and encasement of internal carotid arteries with an empty sella. Endocrinology work-up revealed an exceedingly high level of prolactin surprisingly without galactorrhea. Immunohistochemical analysis after an endonasal biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of prolactinoma. One month after Cabergoline initiation, an apoplexy of the ectopic pituitary neuroendocrine tumor occurred. Conservational management with a decrease in cabergoline dose was performed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This article highlights data from various cases reported in the literature in addition to our case to confirm the extreme rarity of apoplexy as a complication of EPNET.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pituitary apoplexy in ectopic pituitary neuroendocrine tumor is extremely rare. Therefore, in case of unusual localization of pituitary neuroendocrine tumor, a thorough follow-up is necessary to detect complications and ensure early management.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Highlights<\/jats:title>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijscr.2024.109874","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,6]],"date-time":"2024-06-06T20:20:30Z","timestamp":1717705230000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Apoplexy of a giant clival ectopic prolactinoma: A very rare case report"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"120","author":[{"given":"Anouar","family":"Jamal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology-Diabetology-Nutrition, Mohammed VI University Hospital, Medical School, Mohamed the First University, Oujda, Morocco"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Najat","family":"Draoui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology-Diabetology-Nutrition, Mohammed VI University Hospital, Medical School, Mohamed the First University, Oujda, Morocco"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Imane","family":"Assarrar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology-Diabetology-Nutrition, Mohammed VI University Hospital, Medical School, Mohamed the First University, Oujda, Morocco"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Siham","family":"Rouf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hanane","family":"Latrech","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"R1-93-20260325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1159\/000495184","article-title":"Giant Prolactinomas","volume":"109","author":"Shimon,","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinology"},{"issue":"12","key":"R2-93-20260325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2533","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2013.09.007","article-title":"A case report of an ectopic clival growth hormone adenoma associated with an empty Sella and a review of the literature","volume":"115","author":"Liu,","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. Neurol. Neurosurg."},{"issue":"02","key":"R3-93-20260325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0036-1592081","article-title":"Ectopic pituitary adenomas presenting as sphenoid or clival lesions: case series and management recommendations","volume":"78","author":"Tajudeen,","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Neurological Surgery Part B: Skull Base."},{"issue":"5","key":"R4-93-20260325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1136","DOI":"10.1097\/JS9.0000000000000373","article-title":"The SCARE 2023 guideline: updating consensus surgical CAse REport (SCARE) guidelines","volume":"109","author":"Sohrabi,","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Surg."},{"key":"R5-93-20260325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.2147\/OTT.S378353","article-title":"Ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone-secreting pituitary adenoma in the CLIVUS region: a case report","volume":"15","author":"Zhang,","year":"2022","journal-title":"Onco. Targets. Ther."},{"key":"R6-93-20260325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1677\/erc.0.0060117","article-title":"Ectopic macroprolactinoma mimicking a chordoma: a case report","author":"Ballaux,","year":"1999","journal-title":"Endocrine-Related Cancer."},{"key":"R7-93-20260325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.961256","article-title":"A patient with an ectopic sphenoid bone TSH secretory adenoma: case report and review of the literature","volume":"13","author":"Kumar,","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"key":"R8-93-20260325","first-page":"60","article-title":"Three cases of ectopic sphenoid sinus pituitary adenoma. fn","volume":"1","author":"Bobeff,","year":"2017"},{"issue":"4","key":"R9-93-20260325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0000000000001319","article-title":"Ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone-secreting pituitary adenomas: an underestimated entity","volume":"80","author":"Knappe,","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"4","key":"R10-93-20260325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-019-00954-y","article-title":"Ectopic pituitary adenomas: common presentations of a rare entity","volume":"22","author":"Agely,","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pituitary"},{"issue":"01","key":"R11-93-20260325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"090","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1600515","article-title":"A case of pituitary carcinoma initially diagnosed as an ectopic growth hormone producing pituitary adenoma with a high Ki-67 labeling index","volume":"79","author":"Endo,","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Neurol Surg A Cent Eur Neurosurg."},{"key":"R12-93-20260325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.4158","article-title":"Ectopic pituitary adenoma presenting as a clival mass","author":"Altafulla,","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"01","key":"R13-93-20260325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.5414\/NP300421","article-title":"Ectopic pituitary adenoma of the clivus presenting with apoplexy: case report and review of the literature","volume":"31","author":"Mudd,","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. Neuropathol."},{"issue":"1","key":"R14-93-20260325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1177\/112067219100100107","article-title":"Pituitary apoplexy in an ectopic pituitary tumour","volume":"1","author":"O'Connor,","year":"1991","journal-title":"Eur. J. Ophthalmol."},{"issue":"1","key":"R15-93-20260325","first-page":"10","article-title":"Ectopic Prolactinoma in the Clivus","volume":"98","author":"Witte,","year":"1998","journal-title":"Acta Chir. Belg."},{"issue":"9","key":"R16-93-20260325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1210\/jendso\/bvac113","article-title":"Revisiting pituitary apoplexy","volume":"6","author":"Donegan,","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of the Endocrine Society"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Surgery Case Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2210261224006552?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2210261224006552?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/10.1016\/j.ijscr.2024.109874","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T10:21:07Z","timestamp":1774434067000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/10.1016\/j.ijscr.2024.109874"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"C","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijscr.2024.109874","relation":{},"ISSN":["2210-2612"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2210-2612","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-04-24","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-06-03","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}