{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T13:10:20Z","timestamp":1774444220431,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"C","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,1]],"date-time":"2024-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725148800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,1]],"date-time":"2024-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725148800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,7]],"date-time":"2024-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722988800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction and importance:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Surgical management of grade III gynecomastia with excess redundant skin is challenging. The choice of the surgical technique is mainly decided upon the size of the gynecomastia, the skin redundancy and correction of nipple position.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Case presentation:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We report our experience in the use of the circular incision bi-pedicled vertical flap based mastectomy for grade III gynecomastia according to Simon classification. This is a retrospective study conducted between January 2022 and April 2023 at two selected units in Sri Lanka.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical discussion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 7 patients with bilateral grade III gynecomastia were included in this study with a median age of 24 years (range: 18-42 years). The mean BMI was 23.2 kg\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      . All patients exhibited near symmetrical breasts and large areolar diameters. All patients complained of physical and psychological dissatisfaction with their condition and sought an aesthetic correction. Two patients were diagnosed with Klinefelter syndrome and others were apparently healthy. The main complication was seroma formation (7\/7). No patients developed haematoma. Nipple hypothesia was noted in two patients which improved on follow up. The mean follow- up duration was 4-9 months. The survey of patient satisfaction showed 9 for contour, 8.6 for wound scars, 9.2 for overall satisfaction and 9.6 for improvement in self-confidence.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The above surgical technique achieved satisfactory aesthetic results while avoiding unsightly scars or serious complications and can be considered in the surgical decision making for grade III gynecomastia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Highlights<\/jats:title>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijscr.2024.110129","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,8]],"date-time":"2024-08-08T10:05:32Z","timestamp":1723111532000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Experience in the use of circular incision bi-pedicled vertical flap based mastectomy for grade III gynecomastia: A case series"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"122","author":[{"given":"Kanchana","family":"Wijesinghe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Sri Lanka"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thilanka","family":"Abeywickrama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, National Hospital of Sri Lanka, Colombo, Sri Lanka"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B.D.M.R.","family":"Chandraguptha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Colombo South Teaching Hospital, Sri Lanka"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kalaiyukan","family":"Sathasivam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Colombo South Teaching Hospital, Sri Lanka"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Umesh","family":"Jayarajah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, National Hospital of Sri Lanka, Colombo, Sri Lanka"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ajith","family":"De Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, National Hospital of Sri Lanka, Colombo, Sri Lanka"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"R1-90-20260325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12636","article-title":"EAA clinical practice guidelines\u2014gynecomastia evaluation and management","volume":"7","author":"Kanakis,","year":"2019","journal-title":"Andrology"},{"key":"R2-90-20260325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1159\/000381152","article-title":"Surgical strategies in the treatment of gynecomastia grade I-II: the combination of liposuction and subcutaneous mastectomy provides excellent patient outcome and satisfaction","volume":"10","author":"Schr\u00f6der,","year":"2015","journal-title":"Breast Care (Basel)"},{"issue":"5","key":"R3-90-20260325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-16-0643","article-title":"Gynaecomastia in 786 adult men: clinical and biochemical findings","volume":"176","author":"Mieritz,","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. 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