{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T16:09:12Z","timestamp":1786118952025,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"C","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]],"date-time":"2024-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730419200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]],"date-time":"2024-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730419200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]],"date-time":"2024-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727740800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction and importance:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Chylothorax is an uncommon complication linked to COVID-19. The fundamental pathophysiology and most effective management strategy are still uncertain.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Case presentation:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A 72-year-old man presented with worsening dyspnea and fatigue one month post-COVID-19. Imaging demonstrated a significant right pleural effusion, with thoracentesis confirming the presence of chylothorax. Despite the implementation of conservative interventions, the effusion remained unresolved. During the right thoracotomy procedure, a 1 cm (about 0.39 in) perforation in proximity to the Azygos vein, encircled by hypertrophic lymph nodes, was identified. Surgical intervention successfully alleviated the symptoms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical discussion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This case implies that mediastinal lymphadenopathy because of COVID-19 could potentially obstruct and interfere with the thoracic duct. This emphasizes the significance of considering chylothorax as a crucial diagnostic possibility in individuals presenting with new onset pleural effusions following COVID-19. Although conservative approaches are typically the first line of management, persistent cases may necessitate surgical intervention to target the root cause.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Additional research is imperative to elucidate the intricate pathways connecting COVID-19 and chylothorax, as well as to ascertain the most effective diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Highlights<\/jats:title>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijscr.2024.110403","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,2]],"date-time":"2024-10-02T11:56:46Z","timestamp":1727870206000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Refractory chylothorax following COVID-19: Successful surgical management of a rare complication; a case report"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"124","author":[{"given":"Nasrin Rahmani","family":"Ju","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Farhikhtegan Research Center, Tehran Medical Sciences School Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masoud Saadat","family":"Fakhr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences School Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Poorya","family":"Gholami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences School Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatemeh","family":"Khosravi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences School Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kiana","family":"Rezvanfar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences School Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"R1-85-20260421","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2021.08.003","article-title":"Chylothorax and Pseudo chylothorax","volume":"42","author":"Braun,","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. 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