{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T16:11:07Z","timestamp":1786119067349,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"C","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]],"date-time":"2024-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733011200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]],"date-time":"2024-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733011200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,21]],"date-time":"2024-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729468800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction and importance:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pilonidal disease may present with a draining secondary sinus or granuloma, but the development of these findings is not well-characterized.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Case presentation:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Two adolescent males presented with pilonidal disease. The first patient had a gluteal cleft abscess, and an incision and drainage procedure was performed. Although the abscess resolved, the incision site formed a granuloma with intermittent draining wound with granulation tissue. He underwent a pit-picking procedure along with excision of the granuloma. A large amount of hair was also removed from within the pilonidal sinus. The second patient underwent an incision and drainage procedure to treat the pilonidal abscess. The incision site evolved into a granuloma with recurring drainage. A pit-picking procedure was performed, and the granuloma was excised. During the excision, a moderate amount of hair was evacuated from the pilonidal sinus.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical discussion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Many pilonidal patients present with a granuloma or secondary sinus at the gluteal cleft, but there has been no documentation of the natural history of this development. The role of hair is central to pilonidal disease pathophysiology and is a known factor in foreign body granuloma formation - a cutaneous inflammatory response to endogenous or exogenous material in the dermis that is not broken down readily by macrophages.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Even though the pilonidal abscess was drained with an incision, a granuloma was able to form with recurrent drainage when hair was retained within the pilonidal sinus.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Highlights<\/jats:title>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijscr.2024.110500","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,23]],"date-time":"2024-10-23T12:00:15Z","timestamp":1729684815000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Pilonidal granuloma formation after an incision and drainage procedure is associated with retained hair within the sinus - A case series"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"125","author":[{"given":"Helene","family":"Nepomuceno","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claire","family":"Abrajano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bill","family":"Chiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-25-20260423","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2019.02.055","article-title":"The management of pilonidal disease: a systematic review","volume":"54","author":"Grabowski,","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Surg."},{"key":"R2-25-20260423","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1445-2197.1992.tb07208.x","article-title":"Easy and successful treatment of pilonidal sinus after explanation of its causative process","volume":"62","author":"Karydakis,","year":"1992","journal-title":"Aust. N. Z. J. Surg."},{"key":"R3-25-20260423","first-page":"372","article-title":"Pilonidal sinus - management in the primary care setting","volume":"39","author":"Kitchen,","year":"2010","journal-title":"Aust. Fam. Physician"},{"key":"R5-25-20260423","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2023.0373","article-title":"Management of pilonidal disease: a review","volume":"158","author":"Gil,","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Surg."},{"key":"R6-25-20260423","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.18004317708","article-title":"Pilonidal sinus; a new theory of origin","volume":"43","author":"Brearley,","year":"1955","journal-title":"Br. J. Surg."},{"key":"R7-25-20260423","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0031-1272823","article-title":"Pilonidal disease","volume":"24","author":"Khanna,","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin. Colon Rectal Surg."},{"key":"R8-25-20260423","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1007\/s00383-024-05821-x","article-title":"Management and outcomes of pilonidal patients with secondary sinuses-a cohort study","volume":"40","author":"Liang,","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pediatr. Surg. Int."},{"key":"R9-25-20260423","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1957.01550190041009","article-title":"Cutaneous reactions to embedded extraneous hair","volume":"76","author":"Scott,","year":"1957","journal-title":"AMA Arch. Dermatol."},{"key":"R10-25-20260423","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/j.det.2015.03.014","article-title":"Foreign body granulomas","volume":"33","author":"Molina-Ruiz,","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dermatol. Clin."},{"key":"R11-25-20260423","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1016\/S0363-5023(09)90031-4","article-title":"Barber's interdigital pilonidal sinus of the hand: a foreign body hair granuloma","volume":"15","author":"Patel,","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Hand Surg."},{"key":"R12-25-20260423","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1007\/s002380000158","article-title":"Foreign body hair granuloma in barbers","volume":"23","author":"Stahl,","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur. J. Plast. Surg."},{"key":"R13-25-20260423","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1414","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(73)92803-1","article-title":"New approach to the problem of pilonidal sinus","volume":"2","author":"Karydakis,","year":"1973","journal-title":"Lancet Lond. Engl."},{"key":"R14-25-20260423","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800560107","article-title":"The entry of hair into a pilonidal sinus","volume":"56","author":"Page,","year":"1969","journal-title":"Br. J. Surg."},{"key":"R15-25-20260423","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yjpso.2024.100132","article-title":"Differences between male and female patients with pilonidal disease","volume":"6","author":"Chiu,","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Surg. Open"},{"key":"R16-25-20260423","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/JS9.0000000000000940","article-title":"Preferred reporting of case series in surgery (PROCESS) 2023 guidelines","author":"Mathew,","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Surg."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Surgery Case Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2210261224012811?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2210261224012811?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.1016\/j.ijscr.2024.110500","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T17:30:46Z","timestamp":1786037446000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.1016\/j.ijscr.2024.110500"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"C","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijscr.2024.110500","relation":{},"ISSN":["2210-2612"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2210-2612","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-09-23","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-10-21","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}