{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T21:41:32Z","timestamp":1776980492598,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"C","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]],"date-time":"2024-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733011200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]],"date-time":"2024-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733011200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,28]],"date-time":"2024-10-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730073600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction and importance:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Laparoscopic gonadectomy for nonpalpable glands in the inguinal canal, particularly in patients with Complete Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome (CAIS), presents technical challenges and is infrequently reported. While laparoscopic surgery in young women is minimally invasive and offers cosmetic advantages, it may require an additional inguinal incision depending on gonad location.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Case presentation:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A 16-year-old phenotypic female with a chief complaint of primary amenorrhea was diagnosed with 46, XY karyotype and CAIS. She was referred for a gonadectomy. MRI revealed the absence of a uterus, with the right gonad located in the abdominal cavity and the left gonad in the inguinal canal. After discussing the potential need for a secondary incision, a laparoscopic gonadectomy was performed with urological collaboration. During surgery, the gonads were located deep within the inguinal canal and were not palpable. Histopathological examination of the left testis was inconclusive. Four months later, a palpable mass was discovered in the left inguinal region, leading to removal of left testicular tissue via a secondary inguinal incision.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical discussion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This report highlights the importance of thorough preoperative imaging, collaborative surgical efforts between gynecologists and urologists, and the potential need for secondary surgical intervention when residual gonadal tissue is suspected.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Gonadectomy in patients with CAIS, who typically present to gynecologists due to their female gender identity, requires careful consideration of the potential need for secondary inguinal incisions, particularly in cases involving nonpalpable inguinal gonads.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Highlights<\/jats:title>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijscr.2024.110538","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,30]],"date-time":"2024-10-30T16:18:30Z","timestamp":1730305110000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Challenges in laparoscopic gonadectomy for complete androgen insensitivity syndrome with nonpalpable inguinal glands"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"125","author":[{"given":"Ruka","family":"Takedomi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tomoko","family":"Kurita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katuyoshi","family":"Higashijima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Kitakyushu, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marina","family":"Hagimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shota","family":"Higami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kiyoshi","family":"Yoshino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"R2-61-20260423","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1136","DOI":"10.1097\/JS9.0000000000000373","article-title":"The SCARE 2023 guideline: updating consensus Surgical CAse REport (SCARE) guidelines","volume":"109","author":"Sohrabi,","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Surg. Lond. Engl."},{"key":"R3-61-20260423","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpag.2019.02.123","article-title":"Laparoscopic bilateral gonadectomy and inguinal hernia repair with mesh for complete androgen insensitivity syndrome: a case report","volume":"32","author":"Dellaportas,","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Adolesc. Gynecol."},{"issue":"3","key":"R4-61-20260423","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-1208.142498","article-title":"Laparoscopic gonadectomy in a case of complete androgen insensitivity syndrome","volume":"7","author":"Bhaskararao,","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Hum. Reprod. Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"R5-61-20260423","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/03000605231154413","article-title":"Complete androgen insensitivity syndrome: a case report and literature review","volume":"51","author":"Guo,","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Int. Med. Res."},{"key":"R6-61-20260423","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.6065\/apem.2040170.085","article-title":"Complete androgen insensitivity syndrome and risk of gonadal malignancy: systematic review","volume":"26","author":"Barros,","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann. Pediatr. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"issue":"1","key":"R7-61-20260423","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.13121068","article-title":"Evaluation of retained testes in adolescent girls and women with complete androgen insensitivity syndrome","volume":"268","author":"Nakhal,","year":"2013","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"R8-61-20260423","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1053\/j.sempedsurg.2016.05.006","article-title":"Current concepts in the management of inguinal hernia and hydrocele in pediatric patients in laparoscopic era","volume":"25","author":"Esposito,","year":"2016","journal-title":"Semin. Pediatr. Surg."},{"issue":"1-6","key":"R9-61-20260423","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1159\/000514070","article-title":"Laparoscopic repositioning of gonads from the labia majora or inguinal canal into the abdominal cavity in pediatric complete androgen insensitivity syndrome patients with inguinal hernia","volume":"14","author":"Lee,","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sex. Dev."},{"issue":"4","key":"R10-61-20260423","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.5114\/ms.2015.56670","article-title":"Laparoscopy in inguinal hernia and complete androgen insensitivity syndrome in children. Whether and when to remove the gonads because of cancer?","volume":"4","author":"Wolak,","year":"2015","journal-title":"Med. Stud."},{"key":"R11-61-20260423","first-page":"332","article-title":"Gonadectomy in complete androgen insensitivity sydrome","volume":"32","author":"Kawa,","year":"2016","journal-title":"Jpn J. Gynecol. Obstet. 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