{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T22:11:39Z","timestamp":1778278299241,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"C","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,11]],"date-time":"2024-12-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733875200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction and importance:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Penile myiasis is the infestation of the penile area with larvae of certain fly species, especially\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">diptera<\/jats:italic>\n                      . It is rare but can be a serious parasitic infestation that typically occurs in individuals with poor hygiene or those living in unsanitary conditions. Due to the non-specific and vague clinical presentation, it holds diagnostic difficulty.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Presentation of case:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A 76-year-old male with a prior history of benign prostatic enlargement, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension presented with a painless penile wound and sanguineous discharge. Debridement of the wound and an attempt to expel the larvae using turpentine oil were performed. Cystoscopic examination revealed larvae inside the urinary bladder, for which bladder irrigation with 0.9 % NaCl solution and administration of ivermectin were carried out. During a follow-up visit, circumcision was performed. Subsequent cystoscopy showed no larvae inside the urinary bladder.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Case discussion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Penile myiasis is rare with only few cases reported globally and no any cases reported from Nepal till now. Penile myiasis is associated with different risk factors like poor personal hygiene, debilitated patients, genital piercing, etc. but the exact incidences of each of the associated factors is not mentioned in the literature. Due to its rare occurrence, diagnosis and proper treatment of penile myiasis is challenging.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Proper history and clinical examination of the genitalia is vital in debilitated patients, if they present with swellings or discharge especially those with prolonged catheterization or a history of immunocompromised conditions such as diabetes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Highlights<\/jats:title>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijscr.2024.110744","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,13]],"date-time":"2024-12-13T12:29:02Z","timestamp":1734092942000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A rare case report of penile myiasis in a catheterized patient"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"126","author":[{"given":"Sasmit","family":"Ghimire","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Tribhuwan University Teaching Hospital, Maharajgunj, Kathmandu, Nepal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Prabina","family":"Adhikari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tribhuwan University Teaching Hospital, Maharajgunj, Kathmandu, Nepal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nischal","family":"Shrestha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology and Kidney Transplant, Tribhuwan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bhojraj","family":"Luitel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology and Kidney Transplant, Tribhuwan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pawan Raj","family":"Chalise","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology and Kidney Transplant, Tribhuwan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sagar","family":"Mandal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tribhuwan University Teaching Hospital, Maharajgunj, Kathmandu, Nepal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"R1-102-20260508","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00010-11","article-title":"Myiasis","volume":"25","author":"Francesconi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev."},{"issue":"9","key":"R2-102-20260508","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2020-237762","article-title":"New safe haven for maggots: a report of penile wound myiasis","volume":"13","author":"Talwar","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep."},{"issue":"9","key":"R3-102-20260508","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3183","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-015-4620-y","article-title":"Incidence of myiasis among humans\u2014a review","volume":"114","author":"Singh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Parasitol. Res."},{"issue":"11","key":"R4-102-20260508","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.18410\/jebmh\/2016\/80","article-title":"Oral myiasis: a case report","volume":"3","author":"N NS, S B, D Y, G S, C.S R","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Evid. Based Med. Healthc."},{"issue":"1","key":"R5-102-20260508","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1093\/trstmh\/try107","article-title":"Occurrence of human urogenital myiasis due to neglected personal hygiene: a review","volume":"113","author":"Singh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"issue":"5","key":"R6-102-20260508","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1136","DOI":"10.1097\/JS9.0000000000000373","article-title":"The SCARE 2023 guideline: updating consensus surgical CAse REport (SCARE) guidelines","volume":"109","author":"Sohrabi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Surg."},{"issue":"3","key":"R7-102-20260508","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mjafi.2017.03.005","article-title":"Cutaneous myiasis: think beyond furunculosis","volume":"74","author":"Pathania","year":"2018","journal-title":"Med. J. Armed Forces India"},{"issue":"4","key":"R8-102-20260508","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2006.05.007","article-title":"Genitourinary myiasis (maggot infestation)","volume":"68","author":"Makarov","year":"2006","journal-title":"Urology"},{"issue":"6","key":"R9-102-20260508","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1590\/1516-3180.2017.0138290517","article-title":"Genital myiasis associated with genital piercing","volume":"136","author":"Freitas","year":"2018","journal-title":"Case report. Sao Paulo Med J."},{"key":"R10-102-20260508","article-title":"Penile carcinoma and myiasis: a rare association","volume":"33","author":"Ribeiro De Campos","year":"2020","journal-title":"Case report and literature review. Urol. Case Rep."},{"key":"R11-102-20260508","first-page":"1","article-title":"Myiasis as a rare complication of male circumcision: a case report and review of literature","volume":"2012","author":"Hossain","year":"2012","journal-title":"Case Rep Surg."},{"issue":"2","key":"R12-102-20260508","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.13-0688","article-title":"Furuncular myiasis on glans penis","volume":"91","author":"Lyra","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"issue":"2","key":"R14-102-20260508","article-title":"Penile myiasis as a differential diagnosis for genital ulcer: a case report","volume":"12","author":"Passos","year":"2008","journal-title":"Braz J Infect Dis [Internet]."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Surgery Case Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2210261224015256?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2210261224015256?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/10.1016\/j.ijscr.2024.110744","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T22:00:36Z","timestamp":1778277636000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/10.1016\/j.ijscr.2024.110744"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"C","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijscr.2024.110744","relation":{},"ISSN":["2210-2612"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2210-2612","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-10-22","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-12-11","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}