{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T13:11:49Z","timestamp":1774444309737,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"C","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,23]],"date-time":"2025-01-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737590400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction and importance:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Accessory breast is a rare condition where regression of the mammary ridge fails. This ectopic breast can function as the same pectoral breast and respond to hormonal effects. Furthermore, in rare cases, it can develop into malignancy. A malignant accessory breast is very rare, especially in male patients. Although it had first been reported in a male in 1957, there were only a few reported cases following that with no sufficient epidemiological data.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Case presentation:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A 60-year-old male with right axilla swelling is thought to be a benign lesion for excision. However, histopathology study of the specimen showed malignant cells, and a diagnosis of metastasis has been made and referred to our hospital. We did a full staging workup and eventually diagnosed him with primary accessory breast carcinoma, cT1N0M0.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical discussion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Diagnosis of male accessory breast cancer is challenging. Patients usually present with painless swelling. As it is very rare, the possibility of metastasis needs to be ruled out before the diagnosis is made. No current diagnostic and treatment guidelines for accessory breast cancer, and in current practice physicians follow the guidelines of regular breast cancer. Another difficulty with this disease is the estimation of its prognosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although accessory breast cancer is rare, it can be seen even in males. In patients with a lesion alongside the milk line, accessory breast cancer should be on the differentials list. Further studies regarding epidemiology, diagnostics, treatment plan, and prognosis of the disease need to be carried out.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Highlights<\/jats:title>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijscr.2025.110949","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,24]],"date-time":"2025-01-24T04:10:02Z","timestamp":1737691802000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Carcinoma in a male accessory breast; Case report with literature review"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"127","author":[{"given":"Ahmed A.","family":"Almass","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"King Fahd Hospital of the University, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Khobar, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mariyah E.","family":"Alzayer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"General Surgery Department, Dammam Medical Complex, Dammam, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hussam J.","family":"Alsafwani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King Fahd Hospital of the University, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Khobar, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alaa A.","family":"Salim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Dammam, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammed","family":"Al Duhileb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Breast and Endocrine Surgery Consultant, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-123-20260325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2021.640000","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of male accessory breast cancer: a comprehensive systematic review","volume":"11","author":"Pang,","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"issue":"4","key":"R2-123-20260325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2050","DOI":"10.18203\/2349-2902.isj20163571","article-title":"Axillary accessory breast: presentation and treatment","volume":"3","author":"Arora,","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int Surg J."},{"issue":"2","key":"R3-123-20260325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clbc.2011.09.004","article-title":"Case report of a male primary breast carcinoma of axillary accessory mammary gland","volume":"12","author":"Lin,","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. Breast Cancer"},{"issue":"2","key":"R4-123-20260325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.3233\/BD-201027","article-title":"Primary ectopic breast carcinoma in the axilla: a rare presentation and review of the literature","volume":"40","author":"Salemis,","year":"2021","journal-title":"Breast Dis."},{"issue":"5","key":"R5-123-20260325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1136","DOI":"10.1097\/JS9.0000000000000373","article-title":"The SCARE 2023 guideline: updating consensus surgical CAse REport (SCARE) guidelines","volume":"109","author":"Sohrabi,","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Surg Lond Engl."},{"issue":"3","key":"R6-123-20260325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.12809\/hkjr2117394","article-title":"Differential diagnoses of axillary lesions: a pictorial essay.","volume":"24","author":"Lai","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hong Kong J Radiol."},{"key":"R7-123-20260325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejro.2019.08.003","article-title":"Overview of epidermoid cyst","volume":"6","author":"Hoang,","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol Open."},{"key":"R8-123-20260325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijscr.2024.110666","article-title":"Unilateral giant axillary accessory breast in male: case report","volume":"126","author":"Bone,","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Surg. Case Rep."},{"key":"R9-123-20260325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijscr.2024.110166","article-title":"Trichoblastoma and breast carcinoma as metachronous primary tumors: case report","volume":"122","author":"Almass,","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Surg. Case Rep."},{"key":"R10-123-20260325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4083","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-06581-8","article-title":"Germline pathogenic variants of 11 breast cancer genes in 7,051 Japanese patients and 11,241 controls","volume":"9","author":"Momozawa,","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"1","key":"R12-123-20260325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-020-07476-y","article-title":"Mutation screening of germline TP53 mutations in high-risk Chinese breast cancer patients","volume":"20","author":"Kwong,","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"issue":"12","key":"R13-123-20260325","article-title":"Carcinoma of the accessory axillary breast: a diagnostic dilemma and a management challenge","volume":"12","author":"Sinduja","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"3","key":"R14-123-20260325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.4048\/jbc.2021.24.e21","article-title":"Ectopic male breast Cancer in suprapubic area that relapsed with hematogenous metastasis","volume":"24","author":"Byon,","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Breast Cancer"},{"issue":"5","key":"R15-123-20260325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.4048\/jbc.2020.23.e39","article-title":"The therapeutic effect of cyclin-dependent kinase 4\/6 inhibitor on relapsed ectopic male breast Cancer","volume":"23","author":"Baek,","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Breast Cancer"},{"issue":"2","key":"R16-123-20260325","first-page":"149","article-title":"Primary ectopic breast carcinoma in man mimicking keloid","volume":"76","author":"Alqahtani,","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mediev. Archaeol."},{"issue":"3","key":"R17-123-20260325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.4103\/jcrt.JCRT_777_20","article-title":"Primary ectopic breast carcinoma arising in the inguinal region in a male patient","volume":"18","author":"Bansal,","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Cancer Res. Ther."},{"key":"R18-123-20260325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1473881","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2024.1473881","article-title":"Triple-negative ectopic breast cancer of the male scrotum: a case report","volume":"14","author":"Nie,","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"issue":"8","key":"R19-123-20260325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2022-250927","article-title":"First report of bilateral synchronous male accessory breast cancer","volume":"15","author":"Lerttiendamrong,","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep."},{"issue":"1","key":"R20-123-20260325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2010.08.015","article-title":"Approach and management of primary ectopic breast carcinoma in the axilla: where are we? A comprehensive historical literature review","volume":"64","author":"Visconti,","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Plast. Reconstr. Aesthet. Surg."},{"issue":"9","key":"R21-123-20260325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1002\/jcu.20169","article-title":"Sonographic appearance of a carcinoma developed in ectopic axillary breast tissue","volume":"33","author":"Vignal,","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Clin. Ultrasound"},{"issue":"11","key":"R22-123-20260325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.21037\/gs-23-258","article-title":"Incidence and risk factors of lymph node metastasis in breast cancer patients without preoperative chemoradiotherapy and neoadjuvant therapy: analysis of SEER data","volume":"12","author":"Luo,","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gland Surg."},{"issue":"4","key":"R23-123-20260325","article-title":"Invasive lobular carcinoma arising in ectopic breast tissue: a case report","volume":"14","author":"Marques-Antunes","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"2","key":"R24-123-20260325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.3348\/jksr.2023.0041","article-title":"Primary invasive ductal carcinoma arising in axillary accessory breast: a case report","volume":"85","author":"Park,","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology."},{"issue":"2","key":"R25-123-20260325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1159\/000210638","article-title":"Accessory breast carcinoma","volume":"4","author":"Youn,","year":"2009","journal-title":"Breast Care."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Surgery Case Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S221026122500135X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S221026122500135X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/10.1016\/j.ijscr.2025.110949","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T10:24:24Z","timestamp":1774434264000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/10.1016\/j.ijscr.2025.110949"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"C","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijscr.2025.110949","relation":{},"ISSN":["2210-2612"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2210-2612","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-12-18","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-01-23","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}