{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T10:55:59Z","timestamp":1780916159639,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"C","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,20]],"date-time":"2025-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742428800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction and importance:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Second branchial cleft anomalies are common congenital malformations in children, presenting as cysts, fistulas, or cervical masses. Early detection and timely management are crucial to prevent complications such as superinfection. This study evaluates the clinical presentation, surgical treatment, and long-term outcomes of second branchial cleft anomalies in pediatric patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Case series presentation:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We retrospectively reviewed 16 children treated for lateral cervical cysts and fistulas at our ENT department between January 2005 and December 2020. Of these, 10 had second branchial cleft anomalies, with a mean age of 8 years and a female predominance (80 %). Common presenting symptoms included cervical swelling, fistulas, and superinfection. Diagnostic approaches included ultrasound, CT, and auditory evoked potentials. Surgical excision of the cyst and fistula was performed in all cases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical discussion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ultrasound was the primary diagnostic tool, followed by CT for detailed anatomical assessment. Surgical excision, including complete removal of the cyst and fistula, was performed. High ligation of the fistula, rather than ipsilateral tonsillectomy, was sufficient to prevent recurrence, with no cases of recurrence observed during the follow-up period.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Second branchial cleft anomalies in children require early diagnosis and surgical excision to avoid complications. High ligation of the fistula is an effective treatment to prevent recurrence, supporting the approach of complete excision without the need for tonsillectomy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Highlights<\/jats:title>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijscr.2025.111184","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,25]],"date-time":"2025-03-25T02:41:57Z","timestamp":1742870517000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Second branchial cleft anomalies: Surgical management and long-term outcomes in a pediatric case series"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"129","author":[{"given":"Jih\u00e8ne","family":"Houas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monia","family":"Ghammam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taissir Ben","family":"Arfi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Imen","family":"Boukattaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wassim","family":"Kermani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Abdelkefi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"R1-79-20260423","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1097\/MOO.0b013e32835873fb","article-title":"Current management of congenital branchial cleft cysts, sinuses, and fistulae","volume":"20","author":"Goff,","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg."},{"key":"R2-79-20260423","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2017.10.035","article-title":"Branchial anomalies in children: a report of 105 surgical cases","volume":"104","author":"Li,","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Pediatr. Otorhinolaryngol."},{"issue":"6","key":"R3-79-20260423","article-title":"The outcome of treatment in second branchial cleft anomalies: a case series","volume":"15","author":"Paul","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"5","key":"R4-79-20260423","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1007\/s40618-015-0390-8","article-title":"Branchial cleft and pouch anomalies in childhood: a report of 50 surgical cases","volume":"39","author":"Spinelli,","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Endocrinol. Investig."},{"issue":"12","key":"R5-79-20260423","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3760","DOI":"10.1097\/JS9.0000000000000940","article-title":"Preferred reporting of case series in surgery (PROCESS) 2023 guidelines","volume":"109","author":"Mathew,","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Surg. Lond. Engl."},{"issue":"1","key":"R6-79-20260423","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1186\/s40463-020-00453-2","article-title":"Definitive surgical management for second branchial cleft fistula: a case series","volume":"49","author":"Reddy,","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Otolaryngol. - Head Neck Surg. J. Oto-Rhino-Laryngol. Chir. Cervico-Faciale"},{"issue":"4","key":"R7-79-20260423","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E27","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.26629","article-title":"Unusual location of a second branchial cleft cyst presenting in the suprasternal notch","volume":"43","author":"Xing,","year":"2021","journal-title":"Head Neck"},{"issue":"2","key":"R8-79-20260423","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2011.11.045","article-title":"A different type of branchial fistula as part of a branchiootorenal syndrome","volume":"47","author":"Can,","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Surg."},{"issue":"1","key":"R9-79-20260423","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otc.2014.09.002","article-title":"Branchial cleft anomalies and thymic cysts","volume":"48","author":"Prosser,","year":"2015","journal-title":"Otolaryngol. Clin. N. Am."},{"issue":"9","key":"R10-79-20260423","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1503","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2014.06.020","article-title":"Second branchial cleft fistulae: patient characteristics and surgical outcome","volume":"78","author":"Kajosaari,","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Pediatr. Otorhinolaryngol."},{"issue":"6","key":"R11-79-20260423","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e557","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0000000000004540","article-title":"Clinical study of second branchial cleft anomalies","volume":"29","author":"Lee,","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Craniofac. Surg."},{"issue":"1","key":"R12-79-20260423","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1007\/s13244-015-0454-5","article-title":"Branchial cleft anomalies: a pictorial review of embryological development and spectrum of imaging findings","volume":"7","author":"Adams,","year":"2016","journal-title":"Insights Imaging"},{"issue":"3","key":"R13-79-20260423","first-page":"833","article-title":"Second branchial cleft fistula\/sinus tract endoscopy: a novel intraoperative technique assisting complete surgical resection","volume":"278","author":"Magdy,","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. Arch. Oto-Rhino-Laryngol Off. J. Eur. Fed. Oto-Rhino-Laryngol. Soc. EUFOS Affil. Ger. Soc. Oto-Rhino-Laryngol. - Head Neck Surg."},{"issue":"6","key":"R14-79-20260423","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1339","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.25711","article-title":"Endoscope-assisted approach to excision of branchial cleft cysts","volume":"126","author":"Teng,","year":"2016","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"issue":"3","key":"R15-79-20260423","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000024375","article-title":"Endoscopically assisted transoral resection of a Bailey type IV second branchial cleft cyst: a case report","volume":"100","author":"Gao,","year":"2021","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"issue":"7","key":"R17-79-20260423","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1042","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2012.04.002","article-title":"The second branchial cleft fistula","volume":"76","author":"Maddalozzo,","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Pediatr. 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