{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T22:26:45Z","timestamp":1793572005884,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"C","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,20]],"date-time":"2025-05-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747699200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction and importance:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Necrotizing fasciitis is one of the deadliest forms of infection to affect human kind. It usually happens in the presence of risk factors and often involves the trunk, the limbs and the perineum. Primary breast involvement is quite rare. Early diagnosis and management is of paramount importance to decrease morbidity and death.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical presentation:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A 35 years old female patient presented to our facility with progressive left breast swelling and pain of 05 days. She also had discoloration of skin, anorexia and high grade fever. She was lactating mother to a 1 year old baby. She was clinically diagnosed with necrotizing mastitis with chest wall extension and underwent total mastectomy and chest wall debridement. Chest wall wound defect is managed by doing split thickness skin graft. The biopsy result confirmed the diagnosis of necrotizing mastitis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Necrotizing fasciitis is a subset of aggressive skin and soft tissue infections that cause muscle fascia and subcutaneous tissue necrosis. It can affect any area of the body. Breast is, however, rarely affected. In the breast it typically occurs after trauma to it in the form of surgery or biopsy. The diagnosis of necrotizing mastitis can be delayed because of its rarity and atypical presentation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Necrotizing fasciitis of the breast is very uncommon; hence diagnosing it requires a high index of suspicion. Once diagnosis is made the cornerstones of treatment include aggressive surgical debridement, initial broad spectrum antibiotics, and supportive care. Post-debridement wound reconstruction should be individualized.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Highlights<\/jats:title>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijscr.2025.111460","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,26]],"date-time":"2025-05-26T02:04:15Z","timestamp":1748225055000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Necrotizing fasciitis of the breast with extension to the chest wall myofascial layer in a lactating mother: a rare case report"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"132","author":[{"given":"Birhanu Abdisa","family":"Tesso","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gutu Ganati","family":"Tola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abraham Teshome","family":"Sahilemariam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"R1-25-20260311","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1177\/2292550320928557","article-title":"Management of primary necrotizing fasciitis of the breast: a systematic review","volume":"28","author":"Konik","year":"2020","journal-title":"Plast. 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Case series with 5 patients","volume":"16","author":"Yilmaz","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dev. Ctries"},{"issue":"4","key":"R9-25-20260311","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1089\/sur.2020.071","article-title":"Necrotizing fasciitis of the breast: a review of the literature","volume":"22","author":"Cai","year":"2021","journal-title":"Surg. Infect. (Larchmt.)"},{"issue":"4","key":"R10-25-20260311","first-page":"10","article-title":"Necrotizing infection of the breast: a case report on a rare presentation of breast carcinoma","volume":"14","author":"Tariq","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"1","key":"R11-25-20260311","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1117","DOI":"10.1186\/1749-7922-2-19","article-title":"Necrotizing fasciitis: strategies for diagnosis and management","volume":"2","author":"Taviloglu","year":"2007","journal-title":"World J. Emerg. 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