{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T03:55:36Z","timestamp":1793246136462,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638316800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,16]],"date-time":"2021-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1631750400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Women's Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijwd.2021.09.003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,22]],"date-time":"2021-09-22T06:41:32Z","timestamp":1632292892000},"page":"647-652","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"special_numbering":"PA","title":["Cutaneous signs of nutritional disorders"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8075-4886","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christine Y.","family":"Wong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Derek H.","family":"Chu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ijwd.2021.09.003_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1097\/00005072-196610000-00001","article-title":"Kinky hair disease. I. Clinical and pathological features","volume":"25","author":"Aguilar","year":"1966","journal-title":"J Neuropathol Exp Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijwd.2021.09.003_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1663","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-019-7979-3","article-title":"Prevalence and associated factors of zinc deficiency among pregnant women and children in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"19","author":"Berhe","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"8329","key":"10.1016\/j.ijwd.2021.09.003_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(83)91394-6","article-title":"Vitamin A and retinoids: From nutrition to pharmacotherapy in dermatology and oncology","volume":"1","author":"Bollag","year":"1983","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijwd.2021.09.003_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1007\/s40257-014-0107-3","article-title":"A review of vitamin B12 in dermatology","volume":"16","author":"Brescoll","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Clin Dermatol"},{"issue":"4517","key":"10.1016\/j.ijwd.2021.09.003_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.4517.188-c","article-title":"Hypertrichosis of the lanugo hair in malnutrition","volume":"2","author":"Castellani","year":"1947","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ijwd.2021.09.003_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2019.04.015","article-title":"Atrophic glossitis: Etiology, serum autoantibodies, anemia, hematinic deficiencies, hyperhomocysteinemia, and management","volume":"119","author":"Chiang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Formos Med Assoc"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijwd.2021.09.003_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.13978","article-title":"Nail features in healthy term newborns: A single-centre observational study of 52 cases","volume":"31","author":"Chinazzo","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"issue":"1 Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.ijwd.2021.09.003_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2014.05.061","article-title":"A dermoscopic clue for scurvy","volume":"72","author":"Cinotti","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijwd.2021.09.003_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2013.5520","article-title":"Flaky paint dermatosis. Kwashiorkor","volume":"150","author":"Cox","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ijwd.2021.09.003_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/81.5.1198","article-title":"Micronutrient deficiencies and gender: Social and economic costs","volume":"81","author":"Darnton-Hill","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ijwd.2021.09.003_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1450","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.14832","article-title":"Revisiting the pathobiology of scurvy: A review of the literature in the context of a challenging case","volume":"59","author":"Deirawan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ijwd.2021.09.003_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12082413","article-title":"Acute malnutrition in children: Pathophysiology, clinical effects and treatment","volume":"12","author":"Dipasquale","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ijwd.2021.09.003_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e132","DOI":"10.1111\/pde.13106","article-title":"Menkes disease mimicking child abuse","volume":"34","author":"Droms","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pediatr Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijwd.2021.09.003_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2018.09.012","article-title":"Mild iron deficiency may affect female endurance and behavior","volume":"205","author":"Dziembowska","year":"2019","journal-title":"Physiol Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijwd.2021.09.003_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2017.01.023","article-title":"Vitamin D deficiency in mothers, neonates and children","volume":"175","author":"Elsori","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ijwd.2021.09.003_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2009.09.054","article-title":"Commentary: Iron deficiency and hair loss: Problems with measurement of iron","volume":"63","author":"Elston","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijwd.2021.09.003_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.det.2012.08.015","article-title":"Nutrition and hair: Deficiencies and supplements","volume":"31","author":"Finner","year":"2013","journal-title":"Dermatol Clin"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ijwd.2021.09.003_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2008.09.011","article-title":"Glossitis with linear lesions: An early sign of vitamin B12 deficiency","volume":"60","author":"Graells","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijwd.2021.09.003_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/0030-4220(81)90170-5","article-title":"Clinical and histologic changes of the oral mucosa in pernicious anemia","volume":"52","author":"Greenberg","year":"1981","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijwd.2021.09.003_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2004.01959.x","article-title":"Pellagra: Dermatitis, dementia, and diarrhea","volume":"43","author":"Hegyi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ijwd.2021.09.003_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.5070\/D3235034936","article-title":"A child with kwashiorkor misdiagnosed as atopic dermatitis","volume":"23","author":"Henrique de S B Xavier","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dermatol Online J"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ijwd.2021.09.003_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2010.03.029","article-title":"Syndromes associated with nutritional deficiency and excess","volume":"28","author":"Jen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Dermatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ijwd.2021.09.003_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1382","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-017-5819-z","article-title":"Physiologic and psychological gender differences in bariatric surgery","volume":"32","author":"Kochkodan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ijwd.2021.09.003_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2015.04.002","article-title":"Acrodermatitis enteropathica and other nutritional diseases of the folds (intertriginous areas)","volume":"33","author":"Lakdawala","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Dermatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijwd.2021.09.003_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1007\/s11695-018-3494-3","article-title":"Nutritional deficiencies in severe obesity: A multiethnic Asian cohort","volume":"29","author":"Lee","year":"2019","journal-title":"Obes Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ijwd.2021.09.003_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-4362.2003.01657.x","article-title":"Carotenoderma\u2013A review of the current literature","volume":"42","author":"Maharshak","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijwd.2021.09.003_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1470.2005.22113.x","article-title":"Phrynoderma: A manifestation of vitamin A deficiency?... The rest of the story","volume":"22","author":"Maronn","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pediatr Dermatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijwd.2021.09.003_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2006.08.015","article-title":"Acrodermatitis enteropathica and an overview of zinc metabolism","volume":"56","author":"Maverakis","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ijwd.2021.09.003_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1987.01660360102021","article-title":"Skin in protein energy malnutrition","volume":"123","author":"McLaren","year":"1987","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ijwd.2021.09.003_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2014.17","article-title":"Xerophthalmia\u2013A potential epidemic on our doorstep?","volume":"28","author":"McLaughlin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijwd.2021.09.003_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(89)70144-4","article-title":"Nutritional deficiency and the skin","volume":"21","author":"Miller","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijwd.2021.09.003_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2018-227454","article-title":"Recognising the return of nutritional deficiencies: A modern pellagra puzzle","volume":"11","author":"Ng","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.ijwd.2021.09.003_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e3553","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000003553","article-title":"Acrodermatitis enteropathica: A case report","volume":"95","author":"Nistor","year":"2016","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ijwd.2021.09.003_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1986.01660200068018","article-title":"Reversible hyperpigmentation of skin and nails with white hair due to vitamin B12 deficiency","volume":"122","author":"Noppakun","year":"1986","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ijwd.2021.09.003_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2006.02844.x","article-title":"Scurvy: A disease almost forgotten","volume":"45","author":"Olmedo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ijwd.2021.09.003_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1470.2002.00200.x","article-title":"Acrodermatitis enteropathica: Case report and review of the literature","volume":"19","author":"Peraf\u00e1n-Riveros","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pediatr Dermatol"},{"issue":"10 Suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijwd.2021.09.003_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S153","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1753-4887.2008.00100.x","article-title":"Vitamin D deficiency: A global perspective","volume":"66","author":"Prentice","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nutr Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ijwd.2021.09.003_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5154.84760","article-title":"A clinical study of 125 patients with phrynoderma","volume":"56","author":"Ragunatha","year":"2011","journal-title":"Indian J Dermatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ijwd.2021.09.003_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/131.4.1217","article-title":"Intake of micronutrient-rich foods in rural Indian mothers is associated with the size of their babies at birth: Pune Maternal Nutrition Study","volume":"131","author":"Rao","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ijwd.2021.09.003_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/hcx229","article-title":"Koilonychia in iron deficiency","volume":"111","author":"Razmi","year":"2018","journal-title":"QJM"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ijwd.2021.09.003_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"910","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2013.10328","article-title":"Dermatitis and dangerous diets: A case of kwashiorkor","volume":"150","author":"Rogers","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol"},{"issue":"11-12","key":"10.1016\/j.ijwd.2021.09.003_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2009.12.003","article-title":"Micronutrient deficiencies after bariatric surgery","volume":"26","author":"Shankar","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ijwd.2021.09.003_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1097\/00004397-200010000-00007","article-title":"Vitamin A deficiency and the eye","volume":"40","author":"Smith","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int Ophthalmol Clin"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ijwd.2021.09.003_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1117","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(86)90771-4","article-title":"Folate deficiency presenting as pancytopenia in pregnancy","volume":"154","author":"Solano","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijwd.2021.09.003_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1007\/s11695-015-1773-9","article-title":"Micronutrient deficiencies in morbidly obese women prior to bariatric surgery","volume":"26","author":"S\u00e1nchez","year":"2016","journal-title":"Obes Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ijwd.2021.09.003_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2017.07.002","article-title":"Global overview of vitamin D status","volume":"46","author":"van Schoor","year":"2017","journal-title":"Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ijwd.2021.09.003_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2011.06.007","article-title":"Worldwide vitamin D status","volume":"25","author":"van Schoor","year":"2011","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ijwd.2021.09.003_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdcr.2019.05.005","article-title":"Severe aphthous stomatitis secondary to vitamin B12 deficiency with isotretinoin therapy","volume":"5","author":"Vigarios","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAAD Case Rep"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ijwd.2021.09.003_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1985","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.13610","article-title":"Koilonychia: An update on pathophysiology, differential diagnosis and clinical relevance","volume":"30","author":"Walker","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"issue":"2 Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.ijwd.2021.09.003_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2007.04.021","article-title":"Scurvy with manifestations limited to a previously injured extremity","volume":"57","author":"Walters","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ijwd.2021.09.003_bib0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1188","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2010.10163.x","article-title":"Pellagra: A review with emphasis on photosensitivity","volume":"164","author":"Wan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ijwd.2021.09.003_bib0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1111\/jpc.13780","article-title":"Transient neonatal zinc deficiency in exclusively breastfed preterm infants","volume":"54","author":"Watson","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Paediatr Child Health"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ijwd.2021.09.003_bib0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cppeds.2012.02.003","article-title":"Skin signs of pediatric nutritional disorders","volume":"42","author":"Yan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr Probl Pediatr Adolesc Health Care"},{"issue":"9586","key":"10.1016\/j.ijwd.2021.09.003_bib0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61235-5","article-title":"Nutritional iron deficiency","volume":"370","author":"Zimmermann","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Women's Dermatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2352647521001118?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2352647521001118?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,7]],"date-time":"2022-01-07T14:25:24Z","timestamp":1641565524000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2352647521001118"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S2352647521001118"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijwd.2021.09.003","relation":{},"ISSN":["2352-6475"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2352-6475","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Cutaneous signs of nutritional disorders","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"International Journal of Women's Dermatology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijwd.2021.09.003","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of Women's Dermatologic Society.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}