{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T16:06:12Z","timestamp":1790179572523,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787270400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100031935","name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["xzy012024109"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["xzy012024109"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100031935","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82473291"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82473291"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82170626"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82170626"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82403188"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82403188"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["xtr062023003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["xtr062023003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["iLIVER"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.iliver.2026.100258","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]],"date-time":"2026-08-22T09:35:50Z","timestamp":1787391350000},"page":"100258","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Global trends, health inequalities, and long-term projections concerning liver cancer mortality attributable to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis between 1990 and 2050"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Yujiao","family":"Deng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zixuan","family":"Xing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingyue","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Zu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaomeng","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chongyu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiaoman","family":"Fei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dou","family":"Qu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhanpeng","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yajing","family":"Bo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enrui","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunyu","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinyuan","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chenyang","family":"Qiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kairuo","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xu","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Si","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fanpu","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.iliver.2026.100258_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.3350\/cmh.2023.0070","article-title":"The latest global burden of liver cancer: a past and present threat","volume":"29","author":"Oh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Mol Hepatol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.iliver.2026.100258_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2022.05.003","article-title":"Changing global epidemiology of liver cancer from 2010 to 2019: NASH is the fastest growing cause of liver cancer","volume":"34","author":"Huang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.iliver.2026.100258_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1649","DOI":"10.1038\/s41395-018-0088-6","article-title":"NASH leading cause of liver transplant in women: updated analysis of indications for liver transplant and ethnic and gender variances","volume":"113","author":"Noureddin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"26","key":"10.1016\/j.iliver.2026.100258_bib4","article-title":"The changing epidemiology of primary liver cancer in the 21st century","volume":"S0168\u20138278","author":"Khan","year":"2026","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.iliver.2026.100258_bib5","first-page":"601","article-title":"Regional inequities in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease burden and care quality in high-burden settings: implications for health systems","volume":"14","author":"Zhang","year":"2026","journal-title":"J Clin Transl Hepatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.iliver.2026.100258_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2019.06.021","article-title":"The global epidemiology of NAFLD and NASH in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"71","author":"Younossi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.iliver.2026.100258_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2020.12.022","article-title":"Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease and incident cardiovascular disease risk: a nationwide cohort study","volume":"19","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.iliver.2026.100258_bib8","first-page":"326","article-title":"Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and chronic kidney disease: from epidemiology and pathophysiology to clinical prediction and treatment options","volume":"14","author":"Liu","year":"2026","journal-title":"J Clin Transl Hepatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.iliver.2026.100258_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1186\/s13098-022-00885-y","article-title":"Global burden of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis-related liver cancer, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the GBD 2019","volume":"14","author":"Pang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diabetol Metab Syndr"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.iliver.2026.100258_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iliver.2025.100207","article-title":"Personalized management of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease","volume":"4","author":"Sun","year":"2025","journal-title":"ILIVER"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.iliver.2026.100258_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2018.10.008","article-title":"Hepatocellular carcinoma in the setting of alcohol-related liver disease","volume":"70","author":"Ganne-Carri\u00e9","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.iliver.2026.100258_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-023-00754-7","article-title":"Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis-related hepatocellular carcinoma: pathogenesis and treatment","volume":"20","author":"Llovet","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.iliver.2026.100258_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2309000","article-title":"A phase 3, randomized, controlled trial of resmetirom in NASH with liver fibrosis","volume":"390","author":"Harrison","year":"2024","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.iliver.2026.100258_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1303","DOI":"10.1097\/HEP.0000000000000786","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms in MASLD\/MASH-related HCC","volume":"82","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.iliver.2026.100258_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.70155","article-title":"Global burden of chronic liver disease and temporal trends: a population-based analysis from 1990 to 2021 with projections to 2050","volume":"45","author":"Zhao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.iliver.2026.100258_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2672","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.30251","article-title":"Global perspectives on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"69","author":"Younossi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.iliver.2026.100258_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iliver.2024.100094","article-title":"Metabolic syndrome is associated with significant hepatic fibrosis and steatosis in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"3","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"ILIVER"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iliver.2026.100258_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2025.156190","article-title":"Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: a sexually dimorphic disease and breast and gynecological cancer","volume":"167","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.iliver.2026.100258_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2063","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1503519","article-title":"Cause, pathogenesis, and treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"377","author":"Diehl","year":"2017","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.iliver.2026.100258_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29466","article-title":"Modeling the epidemic of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease demonstrates an exponential increase in burden of disease","volume":"67","author":"Estes","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.iliver.2026.100258_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cld.2024.08.001","article-title":"The changing demographics and epidemiology of hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"29","author":"Gujarathi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin Liver Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.iliver.2026.100258_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2024.10.031","article-title":"Liver cancer in 2021: global burden of disease study","volume":"82","author":"Tan","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.iliver.2026.100258_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2018.10.033","article-title":"Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease\u2013A global public health perspective","volume":"70","author":"Younossi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.iliver.2026.100258_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2018.05.057","article-title":"Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis is the fastest growing cause of hepatocellular carcinoma in liver transplant candidates","volume":"17","author":"Younossi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.iliver.2026.100258_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1356","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.24507","article-title":"Lower rates of receiving model for end-stage liver disease exception and longer time to transplant among nonalcoholic steatohepatitis hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"22","author":"Young","year":"2016","journal-title":"Liver Transplant"},{"issue":"10290","key":"10.1016\/j.iliver.2026.100258_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2212","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)32511-3","article-title":"Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"397","author":"Powell","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.iliver.2026.100258_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2024.1447","article-title":"Vibration-controlled transient elastography scores to predict liver-related events in steatotic liver disease","volume":"331","author":"Lin","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.iliver.2026.100258_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2025.01.014","article-title":"Prognostic performance of the two-step clinical care pathway in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease","volume":"83","author":"Yip","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.iliver.2026.100258_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iliver.2024.100113","article-title":"Unraveling the epidemiology of metabolic dysfunction-associated liver cancer: insights from mixed etiologies, regional variations, and gender disparities","volume":"3","author":"Feng","year":"2024","journal-title":"ILIVER"},{"issue":"Supplement_1","key":"10.1016\/j.iliver.2026.100258_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1200\/GO-24-12600","article-title":"Regional patterns of invasive interventions for unresectable liver cancer: perspectives of elective and urgent care in Brazil","volume":"10","author":"da Silva de Carvalho","year":"2024","journal-title":"JCO Glob Oncol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.iliver.2026.100258_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1038\/s41568-023-00659-2","article-title":"Cancer burden in low-income and middle-income countries","volume":"24","author":"Anandasabapathy","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cancer"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.iliver.2026.100258_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-023-11038-3","article-title":"The trends in death of primary liver cancer caused by specific etiologies worldwide: results from the global burden of disease study 2019 and implications for liver cancer management","volume":"23","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.iliver.2026.100258_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.39846","article-title":"Current burden of and geographic disparities in liver mortality and access to liver transplant","volume":"7","author":"Rinella","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.iliver.2026.100258_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1385","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-019-0565-5","article-title":"Adipose lipid turnover and long-term changes in body weight","volume":"25","author":"Arner","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.iliver.2026.100258_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2018.03.018","article-title":"EASL clinical practice guidelines: Management of alcohol-related liver disease","volume":"69","author":"Thursz","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"S1","key":"10.1016\/j.iliver.2026.100258_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.14350","article-title":"A diabetologist's perspective of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH): knowledge gaps and future directions","volume":"40","author":"Cusi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.iliver.2026.100258_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2024.103910","article-title":"NAFLD and NASH: etiology, targets and emerging therapies","volume":"29","author":"Wei","year":"2024","journal-title":"Drug Discov Today"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.iliver.2026.100258_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(21)00020-0","article-title":"Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a multisystem disease requiring a multidisciplinary and holistic approach","volume":"6","author":"Targher","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"Supplement_1","key":"10.1016\/j.iliver.2026.100258_bib39","first-page":"hcad069","article-title":"Evaluation of reduced glutathione plasma level in type 2 diabetic patients with fatty liver","volume":"116","author":"Mohamed","year":"2023","journal-title":"QJM"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.iliver.2026.100258_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6698","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21186698","article-title":"Predicting nonalcoholic fatty liver disease through a panel of plasma biomarkers and microRNAs in female west Virginia population","volume":"21","author":"Pillai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.iliver.2026.100258_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2103","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20210628","article-title":"Exposure to cigarette smoke precipitates simple hepatosteatosis to NASH in high-fat diet fed mice by inducing oxidative stress","volume":"135","author":"Fouda","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iliver.2026.100258_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2019.110930","article-title":"Cigarette smoking differentially regulates inflammatory responses in a mouse model of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis depending on exposure time point","volume":"135","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Food Chem Toxicol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.iliver.2026.100258_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.21037\/hbsn.2019.11.03","article-title":"Diabetes and hepatocellular carcinoma risks in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis related cirrhosis","volume":"9","author":"Chiang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hepatobiliary Surg Nutr"}],"container-title":["iLIVER"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2772947826000423?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2772947826000423?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T15:42:36Z","timestamp":1790178156000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2772947826000423"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S2772947826000423"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.iliver.2026.100258","relation":{},"ISSN":["2772-9478"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2772-9478","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Global trends, health inequalities, and long-term projections concerning liver cancer mortality attributable to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis between 1990 and 2050","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"iLIVER","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.iliver.2026.100258","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Tsinghua University Press.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100258"}}