{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:43:04Z","timestamp":1792788184951,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,1]],"date-time":"2019-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1556668800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,1]],"date-time":"2019-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1556668800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"NSFC","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["61876107"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61876107"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"NSFC","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["61572315"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61572315"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"NSFC","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["U1803261"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U1803261"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"973 Plan","award":["2015CB856004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2015CB856004"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Image and Vision Computing"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.imavis.2019.03.001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,21]],"date-time":"2019-03-21T01:32:38Z","timestamp":1553131958000},"page":"26-35","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":87,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Multi-scale convolutional neural network for multi-focus image fusion"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"85","author":[{"given":"Hafiz Tayyab","family":"Mustafa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masoumeh","family":"Zareapoor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.imavis.2019.03.001_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2014.10.004","article-title":"Multi-focus image fusion using dictionary-based sparse representation","volume":"25","author":"Nejati","year":"2015","journal-title":"Information Fusion"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.imavis.2019.03.001_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2006.04.001","article-title":"Image fusion: advances in the state of the art","volume":"8","author":"Goshtasby","year":"2007","journal-title":"Information Fusion"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.imavis.2019.03.001_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOM.1983.1095851","article-title":"The Laplacian pyramid as a compact image code","volume":"31","author":"Burt","year":"1983","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Commun."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.imavis.2019.03.001_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1006\/gmip.1995.1022","article-title":"Multisensor image fusion using the wavelet transform","volume":"57","author":"Li","year":"1995","journal-title":"Graph. Models Image Process."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.imavis.2019.03.001_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/S1566-2535(01)00037-9","article-title":"Using the discrete wavelet frame transform to merge Landsat TM and SPOT panchromatic images","volume":"3","author":"Li","year":"2002","journal-title":"Information Fusion"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.imavis.2019.03.001_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2006.02.001","article-title":"Remote sensing image fusion using the curvelet transform","volume":"8","author":"Nencini","year":"2007","journal-title":"Information Fusion"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.imavis.2019.03.001_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1334","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sigpro.2009.01.012","article-title":"Multifocus image fusion using the nonsubsampled contourlet transform","volume":"89","author":"Zhang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Signal Process."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.imavis.2019.03.001_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2005.09.006","article-title":"Pixel- and region-based image fusion with complex wavelets","volume":"8","author":"Lewis","year":"2007","journal-title":"Information Fusion"},{"issue":"33","key":"10.1016\/j.imavis.2019.03.001_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2016.05.004","article-title":"Pixel-level image fusion: a survey of the state of the art","volume":"1","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Information Fusion"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.imavis.2019.03.001_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"884","DOI":"10.1109\/TIM.2009.2026612","article-title":"Multifocus image fusion and restoration with sparse representation","volume":"59","author":"Yang","year":"2010","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imavis.2019.03.001_bb0055","series-title":"\u201cImage Fusion Schemes Using ICA Bases,\u201d Image Fusion: Algorithms and Applications","first-page":"85","author":"Mitianoudis","year":"2005"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.imavis.2019.03.001_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2013.03.003","article-title":"Multifocus image fusion based on robust principal component analysis","volume":"34","author":"Wan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pattern Recogn. Lett."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.imavis.2019.03.001_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8861","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2010.06.011","article-title":"Fusion of multi-focus images using differential evolution algorithm","volume":"37","author":"Aslantas","year":"2010","journal-title":"Expert Syst. Appl."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.imavis.2019.03.001_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2012.01.007","article-title":"Multi-focus image fusion using a morphology-based focus measure in a quad-tree structure","volume":"14","author":"De","year":"2013","journal-title":"Information Fusion"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.imavis.2019.03.001_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1948","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2006.05.004","article-title":"A region-based multi-sensor image fusion scheme using pulse-coupled neural network","volume":"27","author":"Li","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pattern Recogn. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imavis.2019.03.001_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imavis.2007.10.012","article-title":"Multifocus image fusion using region segmentation and spatial frequency","volume":"26","author":"Li","year":"2008","journal-title":"Image Vis. Comput."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imavis.2019.03.001_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2014.05.004","article-title":"Multi-focus image fusion with dense SIFT","volume":"23","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Information Fusion"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.imavis.2019.03.001_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2011.07.001","article-title":"Image matting for fusion of multi-focus images in dynamic scenes","volume":"14","author":"Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"Information Fusion"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.imavis.2019.03.001_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2864","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2013.2244222","article-title":"Image fusion with guided filtering","volume":"22","author":"Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Image Process."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imavis.2019.03.001_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2016.12.001","article-title":"Multi-focus image fusion with a deep convolutional neural network","volume":"36","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Information Fusion"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imavis.2019.03.001_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2017.12.043","article-title":"Pixel convolutional neural network for multi-focus image fusion","volume":"433","author":"Tang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Inf. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imavis.2019.03.001_bb0110","series-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision","first-page":"4714","article-title":"DeepFuse: a deep unsupervised approach for exposure fusion with extreme exposure image pairs","author":"Prabhakar","year":"2017"},{"issue":"04","key":"10.1016\/j.imavis.2019.03.001_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1750037","DOI":"10.1142\/S0219691317500370","article-title":"Multi-focus image fusion and super-resolution with convolutional neural network","volume":"15","author":"Yang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Wavelets Multiresolution Inf. Process."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imavis.2019.03.001_bb0120","series-title":"20th International Conference on Information Fusion (Fusion) IEEE","first-page":"1","article-title":"A medical image fusion method based on convolutional neural networks","author":"Liu","year":"2017"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.imavis.2019.03.001_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1882","DOI":"10.1109\/LSP.2016.2618776","article-title":"Image fusion with convolutional sparse representation","volume":"23","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE Signal Process. Lett."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.imavis.2019.03.001_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.3390\/rs8070594","article-title":"Pansharpening by convolutional neural networks","volume":"8","author":"Masi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Remote Sens."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imavis.2019.03.001_bb0135","series-title":"3rd International Conference on Pattern Recognition and Image Analysis (IPRIA) IEEE","first-page":"1","article-title":"A new pansharpening method using multi resolution analysis framework and deep neural networks","author":"Azarang","year":"2017"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.imavis.2019.03.001_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1109\/LGRS.2017.2668299","article-title":"Multispectral and hyperspectral image fusion using a 3-D-convolutional neural network","volume":"14","author":"Palsson","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Geosci. Remote S."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imavis.2019.03.001_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2017.10.007","article-title":"Deep learning for pixel-level image fusion: recent advances and future prospects","volume":"42","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Information Fusion"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imavis.2019.03.001_bb0150","author":"Krizhevsky"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.imavis.2019.03.001_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1007\/s11263-009-0275-4","article-title":"The pascal visual object classes (VOC) challenge","volume":"88","author":"Everingham","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Comput. Vis."},{"issue":"99","key":"10.1016\/j.imavis.2019.03.001_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15750","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2017.2735019","article-title":"Image segmentation-based multi-focus image fusion through multi-scale convolutional neural network","volume":"5","author":"Du","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imavis.2019.03.001_bb0165","series-title":"\u201cEnd-to-end Image Super-resolution via Deep and Shallow Convolutional Networks,\u201d arXiv Preprint","author":"Wang","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imavis.2019.03.001_bb0170","series-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition","first-page":"770","article-title":"Deep residual learning for image recognition","author":"He","year":"2016"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.imavis.2019.03.001_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2003.819861","article-title":"Image quality assessment: from error visibility to structural similarity","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2004","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Image Process."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.imavis.2019.03.001_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1109\/TCI.2016.2644865","article-title":"Loss functions for image restoration with neural networks","volume":"3","author":"Zhao","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Comput. Imaging"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.imavis.2019.03.001_bb0185","first-page":"1","article-title":"Visualizing higher-layer features of a deep network","volume":"1341","author":"Erhan","year":"2009","journal-title":"University of Montreal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imavis.2019.03.001_bb0190","series-title":"\u201cUnderstanding Neural Networks Through Deep Visualization,\u201d arXiv Preprint","author":"Yosinski","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imavis.2019.03.001_bb0195","series-title":"European Conference on Computer Vision","first-page":"740","article-title":"Microsoft coco: common objects in context","author":"Lin","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imavis.2019.03.001_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2013.11.005","article-title":"Multi-scale weighted gradient-based fusion for multi-focus images","volume":"20","author":"Zhou","year":"2014","journal-title":"Information Fusion"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imavis.2019.03.001_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2016.09.006","article-title":"Boundary finding based multi-focus image fusion through multi-scale morphological focus-measure","volume":"35","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Information Fusion"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.imavis.2019.03.001_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2011.109","article-title":"Objective assessment of multiresolution image fusion algorithms for context enhancement in night vision: a comparative study","volume":"34","author":"Liu","year":"2012","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.imavis.2019.03.001_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1266","DOI":"10.1049\/el.2010.1778","article-title":"Image fusion performance metric based on mutual information and entropy driven quadtree decomposition","volume":"46","author":"Hossny","year":"2010","journal-title":"Electron. Lett."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.imavis.2019.03.001_bb0225","first-page":"1433","article-title":"Performance assessment of combinative pixel-level image fusion based on an absolute feature measurement","volume":"3","author":"Zhao","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int. J. Innov. Comput. I"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.imavis.2019.03.001_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2006.09.001","article-title":"A novel similarity-based quality metric for image fusion","volume":"9","author":"Yang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Inf. Fusion"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.imavis.2019.03.001_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1421","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imavis.2007.12.002","article-title":"A new automated quality assessment algorithm for image fusion","volume":"27","author":"Chen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Image Vis. Comput."}],"container-title":["Image and Vision Computing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S026288561930023X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S026288561930023X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,2]],"date-time":"2025-10-02T01:30:22Z","timestamp":1759368622000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S026288561930023X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]},"references-count":46,"alternative-id":["S026288561930023X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.imavis.2019.03.001","relation":{},"ISSN":["0262-8856"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0262-8856","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Multi-scale convolutional neural network for multi-focus image fusion","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Image and Vision Computing","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.imavis.2019.03.001","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}