{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T16:01:05Z","timestamp":1759334465251,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,1]],"date-time":"2005-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1133395200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,1]],"date-time":"2005-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1133395200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Immunobiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2005.10.010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,10,26]],"date-time":"2005-10-26T07:24:09Z","timestamp":1130311449000},"page":"781-788","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Antiphospholipid antibodies, thrombin and LPS activate brain endothelial cells and Ras-dependent pathways through distinct mechanisms"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"210","author":[{"given":"Ramona","family":"Aronovich","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Gurwitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yoel","family":"Kloog","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joab","family":"Chapman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2005.10.010_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1159\/000174866","article-title":"Anticardiolipin antibody and stroke: possible relation of valvular heart disease and embolic events","volume":"79","author":"Barbut","year":"1991","journal-title":"Cardiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2005.10.010_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5164","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.9.5164","article-title":"Prevention of experimental antiphospholipid syndrome and endothelial cell activation by synthetic peptides","volume":"96","author":"Blank","year":"1999","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2005.10.010_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1738","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(199810)41:10<1738::AID-ART6>3.0.CO;2-7","article-title":"Anti-endothelial cell antibody binding makes negatively charged phospholipids accessible to antiphospholipid antibodies","volume":"41","author":"Bordron","year":"1998","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2005.10.010_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(12)90915-1","article-title":"Induction of endothelial cell tissue factor activity by sera from patients with antiphospholipid syndrome: a possible mechanism of thrombosis","volume":"168","author":"Branch","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2005.10.010_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1191\/0961203303lu390oa","article-title":"Stroke and the antiphospholipid syndrome: consensus meeting Taormina 2002","volume":"12","author":"Brey","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2005.10.010_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-510X(98)00027-6","article-title":"Anti-beta 2-glycoprotein I antibodies bind to central nervous system","volume":"156","author":"Caronti","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2005.10.010_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2249.1999.00770.x","article-title":"Beta2-glycoprotein I (beta2-GPI) mRNA is expressed by several cell types involved in anti-phospholipid syndrome-related tissue damage","volume":"115","author":"Caronti","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2005.10.010_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1191\/0961203303lu392oa","article-title":"Non-stroke neurological syndromes associated with antiphospholipid antibodies: evaluation of clinical and experimental studies","volume":"12","author":"Chapman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2005.10.010_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2004.04.013","article-title":"Antiphospholipid antibodies bind to activated but not resting endothelial cells: is an independent triggering event required to induce antiphospholipid antibody-mediated disease?","volume":"114","author":"Chen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Thromb. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2005.10.010_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4209","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.168.8.4209","article-title":"Antiphospholipid antibodies induce monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in endothelial cells","volume":"168","author":"Cho","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2005.10.010_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ASN.0000057543.55318.8B","article-title":"Ras antagonist farnesylthiosalicylic acid (FTS) reduces glomerular cellular proliferation and macrophage number in rat thy-1 nephritis","volume":"14","author":"Clarke","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2005.10.010_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1191\/0961203303lu504oa","article-title":"Cerebral haemostasis and antiphospholipid antibodies","volume":"12","author":"Connor","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2005.10.010_bib13","first-page":"179","article-title":"Relationship between anti-phospholipid and anti-endothelial cell antibodies III: beta 2 glycoprotein I mediates the antibody binding to endothelial membranes and induces the expression of adhesion molecules","volume":"13","author":"Del Papa","year":"1995","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Rheumatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2005.10.010_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780400322","article-title":"Endothelial cells as target for antiphospholipid antibodies. Human polyclonal and monoclonal anti-beta 2-glycoprotein I antibodies react in vitro with endothelial cells through adherent beta 2-glycoprotein I and induce endothelial activation","volume":"40","author":"Del Papa","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2005.10.010_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.1997.tb00301.x","article-title":"Endothelial cells as a target for antiphospholipid antibodies: role of anti-beta 2 glycoprotein I antibodies","volume":"38","author":"Del Papa","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am. J. Reprod. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2005.10.010_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1615766","article-title":"Localization of beta2-glycoprotein 1 in late endosomes of human endothelial cells","volume":"85","author":"Dunoyer-Geindre","year":"2001","journal-title":"Thromb. Haemost."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2005.10.010_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1613313","article-title":"NF-kappaB is an essential intermediate in the activation of endothelial cells by anti-beta(2)-glycoprotein 1 antibodies","volume":"88","author":"Dunoyer-Geindre","year":"2002","journal-title":"Thromb. Haemost."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2005.10.010_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3272","DOI":"10.1002\/art.11449","article-title":"Inhibition of the thrombogenic and inflammatory properties of antiphospholipid antibodies by fluvastatin in an in vivo animal model","volume":"48","author":"Ferrara","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2005.10.010_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1558","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2004.00896.x","article-title":"Fluvastatin inhibits up-regulation of tissue factor expression by antiphospholipid antibodies on endothelial cells","volume":"2","author":"Ferrara","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Thromb. Haemost."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2005.10.010_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.20.2.563","article-title":"Interaction of anti-phospholipid antibodies with late endosomes of human endothelial cells","volume":"20","author":"Galve-de Rochemonteix","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2005.10.010_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2416","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000016065.90068.96","article-title":"Functional inhibition of Ras by S-trans,trans-farnesyl thiosalicylic acid attenuates atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E knockout mice","volume":"105","author":"George","year":"2002","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2005.10.010_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.0000112021.98971.f0","article-title":"Inhibition of intimal thickening in the rat carotid artery injury model by a nontoxic Ras inhibitor","volume":"24","author":"George","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2005.10.010_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5728(96)00130-0","article-title":"SV40 large T immortalised cell lines of the rat blood\u2013brain and blood\u2013retinal barriers retain their phenotypic and immunological characteristics","volume":"71","author":"Greenwood","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2005.10.010_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1646878","article-title":"Synergistic effect of low doses of tumor necrosis factor and sera from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus on the expression of procoagulant activity by cultured endothelial cells","volume":"62","author":"Hasselaar","year":"1989","journal-title":"Thromb. Haemost."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2005.10.010_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"994","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.24.7.994","article-title":"Increased immunoglobulin binding to cerebral endothelium in patients with antiphospholipid antibodies","volume":"24","author":"Hess","year":"1993","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2005.10.010_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.1995.tb03791.x","article-title":"Characterization and specificity of anti-endothelial cell membrane antibodies and their relationship to thrombosis in primary antiphospholipid syndrome (APS)","volume":"102","author":"Hill","year":"1995","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2005.10.010_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2141.1998.00979.x","article-title":"Anti-endothelial cell antibodies in primary antiphospholipid syndrome and SLE: patterns of reactivity with membrane antigens on microvascular and umbilical venous cell membranes","volume":"103","author":"Hill","year":"1998","journal-title":"Br. J. Haematol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2005.10.010_bib28","first-page":"25","article-title":"Crossreactivity of anti-cardiolipin antibodies with glycolipids and endothelial cells","volume":"40","author":"Kaise","year":"1994","journal-title":"Fukushima J. Med. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2005.10.010_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1259","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V92.4.1259","article-title":"Thrombin-activated human endothelial cells support monocyte adhesion in vitro following expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1; CD54) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1; CD106)","volume":"92","author":"Kaplanski","year":"1998","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2005.10.010_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2249.2001.01674.x","article-title":"Treatment of MRL\/lpr mice, a genetic autoimmune model, with the Ras inhibitor, farnesylthiosalicylate (FTS)","volume":"126","author":"Katzav","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2005.10.010_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1078\/0171-2985-00208","article-title":"Inhibition of ras by farnesylthiosalicylate significantly reduces the levels of autoantibodies in two animal models of the antiphospholipid syndrome","volume":"207","author":"Katzav","year":"2003","journal-title":"Immunobiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2005.10.010_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2121","DOI":"10.1517\/13543784.8.12.2121","article-title":"Concepts in Ras-directed therapy","volume":"8","author":"Kloog","year":"1999","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Invest. Drugs"},{"issue":"Suppl.","key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2005.10.010_bib33","first-page":"27","article-title":"Anti-beta 2-glycoprotein I antibodies and anti-endothelial cell antibodies induce tissue factor in endothelial cells","volume":"2","author":"Kornberg","year":"2000","journal-title":"Isr. Med. Assoc. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2005.10.010_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1613867","article-title":"Analysis of prothrombotic effects of two human monoclonal IgG antiphospholipid antibodies of apparently similar specificity","volume":"83","author":"Lackner","year":"2000","journal-title":"Thromb. Haemost."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2005.10.010_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1038\/227680a0","article-title":"Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4","volume":"227","author":"Laemmli","year":"1970","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2005.10.010_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1177\/096120339500400304","article-title":"Role of beta 2-glycoprotein I in the antiphospholipid antibody binding to endothelial cells","volume":"4","author":"Le Tonqueze","year":"1995","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2005.10.010_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1267","DOI":"10.1021\/jm00008a004","article-title":"Farnesyl derivatives of rigid carboxylic acids-inhibitors of ras-dependent cell growth","volume":"38","author":"Marciano","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2005.10.010_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22263","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.270.38.22263","article-title":"Selective inhibition of Ras-dependent cell growth by farnesylthiosalisylic acid","volume":"270","author":"Marom","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2005.10.010_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.1991.tb08087.x","article-title":"Detection of endothelial cell-reactive immunoglobulin in patients with anti-phospholipid antibodies","volume":"79","author":"McCrae","year":"1991","journal-title":"Br. J. Haematol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2005.10.010_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2870","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(200112)44:12<2870::AID-ART475>3.0.CO;2-Y","article-title":"Statins prevent endothelial cell activation induced by antiphospholipid (anti-beta2-glycoprotein I) antibodies: effect on the proadhesive and proinflammatory phenotype","volume":"44","author":"Meroni","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2005.10.010_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1191\/0961203303lu503oa","article-title":"Endothelium and the brain in CNS lupus","volume":"12","author":"Meroni","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2005.10.010_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/35.6.523","article-title":"Antibodies to endothelial cells and to beta 2-glycoprotein I in the antiphospholipid syndrome: prevalence and isotype distribution","volume":"35","author":"Navarro","year":"1996","journal-title":"Br. J. Rheumatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2005.10.010_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1656365","article-title":"Antiphospholipid antibody positive sera enhance endothelial cell procoagulant activity \u2013 studies in a thrombosis model","volume":"68","author":"Oosting","year":"1992","journal-title":"Thromb. Haemost."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2005.10.010_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1997","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.99.15.1997","article-title":"Antiphospholipid antibodies from antiphospholipid syndrome patients activate endothelial cells in vitro and in vivo","volume":"99","author":"Pierangeli","year":"1999","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2005.10.010_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1607384","article-title":"Functional analyses of patient-derived IgG monoclonal anticardiolipin antibodies using in vivo thrombosis and in vivo microcirculation models","volume":"84","author":"Pierangeli","year":"2000","journal-title":"Thromb. Haemost."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2005.10.010_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.88.2.245","article-title":"Thrombogenic effects of antiphospholipid antibodies are mediated by intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, and P-selectin","volume":"88","author":"Pierangeli","year":"2001","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2005.10.010_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.1999.tb07364.x","article-title":"Cerebral microembolism, a disease marker for ischemic cerebrovascular events in the antiphospholipid syndrome of systemic lupus erythematosus?","volume":"99","author":"Rademacher","year":"1999","journal-title":"Acta Neurol. Scand."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2005.10.010_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5466","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.162.9.5466","article-title":"Thrombin-induced p65 homodimer binding to downstream NF-kappa B site of the promoter mediates endothelial ICAM-1 expression and neutrophil adhesion","volume":"162","author":"Rahman","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2005.10.010_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5554","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.21.16.5554-5565.2001","article-title":"Protein kinase C-delta regulates thrombin-induced ICAM-1 gene expression in endothelial cells via activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase","volume":"21","author":"Rahman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2005.10.010_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L1017","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00072.2004","article-title":"cAMP targeting of p38 MAP kinase inhibits thrombin-induced NF-kappaB activation and ICAM-1 expression in endothelial cells","volume":"287","author":"Rahman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2005.10.010_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1652","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V92.5.1652","article-title":"Antiphospholipid antibodies accelerate plasma coagulation by inhibiting annexin-V binding to phospholipids: a \u201clupus procoagulant\u201d phenomenon","volume":"92","author":"Rand","year":"1998","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2005.10.010_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1193","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)63479-7","article-title":"Human monoclonal antiphospholipid antibodies disrupt the annexin A5 anticoagulant crystal shield on phospholipid bilayers: evidence from atomic force microscopy and functional assay","volume":"163","author":"Rand","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2005.10.010_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3495","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2002-08-2349","article-title":"Role of the MyD88 transduction signaling pathway in endothelial activation by antiphospholipid antibodies","volume":"101","author":"Raschi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2005.10.010_bib54","first-page":"1344","article-title":"Features associated with epilepsy in the antiphospholipid syndrome","volume":"31","author":"Shoenfeld","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Rheumatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2005.10.010_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2211","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI118276","article-title":"Activation of cultured vascular endothelial cells by antiphospholipid antibodies","volume":"96","author":"Simantov","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2005.10.010_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1177\/096120339700600804","article-title":"Cerebral microemboli in patients with antiphospholipid syndrome","volume":"6","author":"Specker","year":"1997","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2005.10.010_bib57","first-page":"92","article-title":"Brain vascular changes in the case of primary antiphospholipid syndrome","volume":"34","author":"Szpak","year":"1996","journal-title":"Folia Neuropathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2005.10.010_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4350","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.76.9.4350","article-title":"Electrophoretic transfer of proteins from polyacrylamide gels to nitrocellulose sheets: procedure and some applications","volume":"76","author":"Towbin","year":"1979","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2005.10.010_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2911","DOI":"10.1002\/art.20434","article-title":"Intracellular events in platelet activation induced by antiphospholipid antibodies in the presence of low doses of thrombin","volume":"50","author":"Vega-Ostertag","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2005.10.010_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1545","DOI":"10.1002\/art.21009","article-title":"Involvement of p38 MAPK in the up-regulation of tissue factor on endothelial cells by antiphospholipid antibodies","volume":"52","author":"Vega-Ostertag","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2005.10.010_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1038","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780350908","article-title":"Neuropathologic findings in multi-infarct dementia associated with anticardiolipin antibody. Evidence for endothelial injury as the primary event","volume":"35","author":"Westerman","year":"1992","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2005.10.010_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H873","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00993.2004","article-title":"Thrombin, TNF-{alpha} and lipopolysaccharide exert overlapping but non-identical effects on gene expression in endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells","volume":"285","author":"Wu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2005.10.010_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1964","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2004-05-1708","article-title":"Annexin A2 mediates endothelial cell activation by antiphospholipid\/anti-beta2 glycoprotein I antibodies","volume":"105","author":"Zhang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2005.10.010_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2132","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(199910)42:10<2132::AID-ANR13>3.0.CO;2-B","article-title":"An IgG antiprothrombin antibody enhances prothrombin binding to damaged endothelial cells and shortens plasma coagulation times","volume":"42","author":"Zhao","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2005.10.010_bib65","first-page":"67","article-title":"Neurological dysfunction associated with antiphospholipid syndrome: histopathological brain findings of thrombotic changes in a mouse model","volume":"11","author":"Ziporen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin. Dev. Immunol."}],"container-title":["Immunobiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0171298505001488?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0171298505001488?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]],"date-time":"2025-09-30T16:20:31Z","timestamp":1759249231000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0171298505001488"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,12]]},"references-count":65,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S0171298505001488"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.imbio.2005.10.010","relation":{},"ISSN":["0171-2985"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0171-2985"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Antiphospholipid antibodies, thrombin and LPS activate brain endothelial cells and Ras-dependent pathways through distinct mechanisms","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Immunobiology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.imbio.2005.10.010","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2005 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}