{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T15:50:40Z","timestamp":1790869840913,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6-8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,9,1]],"date-time":"2006-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1157068800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,9,1]],"date-time":"2006-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1157068800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Immunobiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2006.05.004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,7]],"date-time":"2006-07-07T10:21:22Z","timestamp":1152267682000},"page":"557-565","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":61,"title":["Toll-like receptor 9 contributes to recognition of Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette-Gu\u00e9rin by Flt3-ligand generated dendritic cells"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"211","author":[{"given":"Ferdinand","family":"von Meyenn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Schaefer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heike","family":"Weighardt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Bauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carsten J.","family":"Kirschning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hermann","family":"Wagner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tim","family":"Sparwasser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2006.05.004_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80596-8","article-title":"Targeted disruption of the MyD88 gene results in loss of IL-1- and IL-18-mediated function","volume":"9","author":"Adachi","year":"1998","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2006.05.004_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1391","article-title":"Toll-like receptor signalling","volume":"4","author":"Akira","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2006.05.004_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1038\/35099560","article-title":"Recognition of double-stranded RNA and activation of NF-kappaB by Toll-like receptor 3","volume":"413","author":"Alexopoulou","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2006.05.004_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1715","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20051782","article-title":"TLR9 regulates Th1 responses and cooperates with TLR2 in mediating optimal resistance to Mycobacterium tuberculosis","volume":"202","author":"Bafica","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2006.05.004_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.18.1.767","article-title":"Immunobiology of dendritic cells","volume":"18","author":"Banchereau","year":"2000","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2006.05.004_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3504","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.162.6.3504","article-title":"Structural deficiencies in granuloma formation in TNF gene-targeted mice underlie the heightened susceptibility to aerosol Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, which is not compensated for by lymphotoxin","volume":"162","author":"Bean","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2006.05.004_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3029","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V96.9.3029","article-title":"Generation of murine dendritic cells from flt3-ligand-supplemented bone marrow cultures","volume":"96","author":"Brasel","year":"2000","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2006.05.004_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1126\/science.285.5428.732","article-title":"Host defense mechanisms triggered by microbial lipoproteins through toll-like receptors","volume":"285","author":"Brightbill","year":"1999","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2006.05.004_bib9","first-page":"423","article-title":"The role of interleukin-12 in acquired immunity to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection","volume":"84","author":"Cooper","year":"1995","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2006.05.004_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1529","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1093616","article-title":"Innate antiviral responses by means of TLR7-mediated recognition of single-stranded RNA","volume":"303","author":"Diebold","year":"2004","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2006.05.004_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)63095-7","article-title":"Toll-like receptor 2-deficient mice succumb to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection","volume":"164","author":"Drennan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2006.05.004_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4185","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.174.7.4185","article-title":"Maintenance of pulmonary Th1 effector function in chronic tuberculosis requires persistent IL-12 production","volume":"174","author":"Feng","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2006.05.004_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.19.1.93","article-title":"Immunology of tuberculosis","volume":"19","author":"Flynn","year":"2001","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2006.05.004_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1016\/1074-7613(95)90001-2","article-title":"Tumor necrosis factor-alpha is required in the protective immune response against Mycobacterium tuberculosis in mice","volume":"2","author":"Flynn","year":"1995","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2006.05.004_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2515","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.155.5.2515","article-title":"IL-12 increases resistance of BALB\/c mice to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection","volume":"155","author":"Flynn","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2006.05.004_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1790","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI200421027","article-title":"Fatal Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection despite adaptive immune response in the absence of MyD88","volume":"114","author":"Fremond","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2006.05.004_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20021229","article-title":"Mycobacteria target DC-SIGN to suppress dendritic cell function","volume":"197","author":"Geijtenbeek","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2006.05.004_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1526","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1093620","article-title":"Species-specific recognition of single-stranded RNA via toll-like receptor 7 and 8","volume":"303","author":"Heil","year":"2004","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2006.05.004_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0103026","article-title":"TLR2 and TLR4 serve distinct roles in the host immune response against Mycobacterium bovis BCG","volume":"74","author":"Heldwein","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Leukoc. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2006.05.004_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1038\/35047123","article-title":"A Toll-like receptor recognizes bacterial DNA","volume":"408","author":"Hemmi","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2006.05.004_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1038\/ni758","article-title":"Small anti-viral compounds activate immune cells via the TLR7 MyD88-dependent signaling pathway","volume":"3","author":"Hemmi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2006.05.004_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1223","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1010","article-title":"Upregulation of costimulatory molecules induced by lipopolysaccharide and double-stranded RNA occurs by Trif-dependent and Trif-independent pathways","volume":"4","author":"Hoebe","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2006.05.004_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10872","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1934678100","article-title":"Selective contribution of IFN-alpha\/beta signaling to the maturation of dendritic cells induced by double-stranded RNA or viral infection","volume":"100","author":"Honda","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2006.05.004_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3749","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.162.7.3749","article-title":"Cutting edge: Toll-Like Receptor 4 (TLR4)-deficient mice are hyporesponsive to lipopolysaccharide: Evidence for TLR4 as the Lps gene product","volume":"162","author":"Hoshino","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2006.05.004_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1112","article-title":"Toll-like receptor control of the adaptive immune responses","volume":"5","author":"Iwasaki","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2006.05.004_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1006\/clim.2000.4835","article-title":"Fatal Mycobacterium bovis BCG infection in TNF-LT-alpha-deficient mice","volume":"94","author":"Jacobs","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2006.05.004_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3042","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.161.6.3042","article-title":"Activation of cutaneous dendritic cells by CpG-containing oligodeoxynucleotides: a role for dendritic cells in the augmentation of Th1 responses by immunostimulatory DNA","volume":"161","author":"Jakob","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2006.05.004_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4112","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.71.7.4112-4118.2003","article-title":"Toll-like receptor 4-defective C3H\/HeJ mice are not more susceptible than other C3H substrains to infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis","volume":"71","author":"Kamath","year":"2003","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2006.05.004_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1038\/79631","article-title":"Is the development of a new tuberculosis vaccine possible?","volume":"6","author":"Kaufmann","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2006.05.004_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1038\/374546a0","article-title":"CpG motifs in bacterial DNA trigger direct B-cell activation","volume":"374","author":"Krieg","year":"1995","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2006.05.004_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smim.2003.10.005","article-title":"The role of Toll-like receptors in combating mycobacteria","volume":"16","author":"Krutzik","year":"2004","journal-title":"Semin. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2006.05.004_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4843","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.65.11.4843-4849.1997","article-title":"Lethal tuberculosis in interleukin-6-deficient mutant mice","volume":"65","author":"Ladel","year":"1997","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2006.05.004_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1028","article-title":"TLR9 signals after translocating from the ER to CpG DNA in the lysosome","volume":"5","author":"Latz","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2006.05.004_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3920","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.163.7.3920","article-title":"Human toll-like receptors mediate cellular activation by Mycobacterium tuberculosis","volume":"163","author":"Means","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2006.05.004_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6592","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.174.11.6592","article-title":"Cutting edge: generation of splenic CD8+ and CD8\u2212 dendritic cell equivalents in Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand bone marrow cultures","volume":"174","author":"Naik","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2006.05.004_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4425","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.172.7.4425","article-title":"Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2)-dependent-positive and TLR2-independent-negative regulation of proinflammatory cytokines by mycobacterial lipomannans","volume":"172","author":"Quesniaux","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2006.05.004_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1635","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.170.5.1635","article-title":"Macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rM-CSF) stimulates pinocytosis in bone marrow-derived macrophages","volume":"170","author":"Racoosin","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2006.05.004_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3480","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.169.7.3480","article-title":"Cutting edge: Toll-like receptor (TLR)2- and TLR4-mediated pathogen recognition in resistance to airborne infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis","volume":"169","author":"Reiling","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2006.05.004_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2400","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.72.4.2400-2404.2004","article-title":"MyD88-deficient mice display a profound loss in resistance to Mycobacterium tuberculosis associated with partially impaired Th1 cytokine and nitric oxide synthase 2 expression","volume":"72","author":"Scanga","year":"2004","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2006.05.004_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1038\/nri746","article-title":"Mouse and human dendritic cell subtypes","volume":"2","author":"Shortman","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2006.05.004_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1038\/386336a0","article-title":"Bacterial DNA causes septic shock","volume":"386","author":"Sparwasser","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2006.05.004_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1671","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830270712","article-title":"Macrophages sense pathogens via DNA motifs: induction of tumor necrosis factor-alpha-mediated shock","volume":"27","author":"Sparwasser","year":"1997","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2006.05.004_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2045","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1521-4141(199806)28:06<2045::AID-IMMU2045>3.0.CO;2-8","article-title":"Bacterial DNA and immunostimulatory CpG oligonucleotides trigger maturation and activation of murine dendritic cells","volume":"28","author":"Sparwasser","year":"1998","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2006.05.004_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80119-3","article-title":"Differential roles of TLR2 and TLR4 in recognition of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial cell wall components","volume":"11","author":"Takeuchi","year":"1999","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2006.05.004_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1544","DOI":"10.1126\/science.291.5508.1544","article-title":"Induction of direct antimicrobial activity through mammalian toll-like receptors","volume":"291","author":"Thoma-Uszynski","year":"2001","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2006.05.004_bib46","first-page":"955","article-title":"Antitumor activity of deoxyribonucleic acid fraction from Mycobacterium bovis BCG. I. Isolation, physicochemical characterization, and antitumor activity","volume":"72","author":"Tokunaga","year":"1984","journal-title":"J. Natl. Cancer Inst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2006.05.004_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14459","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.25.14459","article-title":"Toll-like receptor-2 mediates mycobacteria-induced proinflammatory signaling in macrophages","volume":"96","author":"Underhill","year":"1999","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2006.05.004_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.15.2.294-309.2002","article-title":"Innate immunity to Mycobacterium tuberculosis","volume":"15","author":"van Crevel","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2006.05.004_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1038\/86354","article-title":"Leptospiral lipopolysaccharide activates cells through a TLR2-dependent mechanism","volume":"2","author":"Werts","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2006.05.004_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6129","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.174.10.6129","article-title":"Endosomal translocation of vertebrate DNA activates dendritic cells via TLR9-dependent and -independent pathways","volume":"174","author":"Yasuda","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Immunol."}],"container-title":["Immunobiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0171298506000623?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0171298506000623?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]],"date-time":"2025-09-30T16:21:25Z","timestamp":1759249285000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0171298506000623"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,9]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6-8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S0171298506000623"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.imbio.2006.05.004","relation":{},"ISSN":["0171-2985"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0171-2985","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Toll-like receptor 9 contributes to recognition of Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette-Gu\u00e9rin by Flt3-ligand generated dendritic cells","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Immunobiology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.imbio.2006.05.004","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2006 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}