{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T19:48:34Z","timestamp":1789674514863,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":161,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6-7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,1]],"date-time":"2018-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1527811200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,1]],"date-time":"2018-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1527811200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,31]],"date-time":"2018-01-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1517356800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"PML Consortium Board of Directors"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Immunobiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2018.01.002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,2]],"date-time":"2018-02-02T07:18:31Z","timestamp":1517555911000},"page":"508-517","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["T cell deficiencies as a common risk factor for drug associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"223","author":[{"given":"Dejan","family":"Pavlovic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mayur A.","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andriani C.","family":"Patera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilse","family":"Peterson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2018.01.002_bib0005","series-title":"Prescribing information","author":"Adcetris\u00ae","year":"2016"},{"issue":"Pt. 3","key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2018.01.002_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-78-3-659","article-title":"JC virus regulatory region rearrangements and genotypes in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: two independent aspects of virus variation","volume":"78","author":"Agostini","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2018.01.002_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1030","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2014.825","article-title":"Treatment of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy with interleukin 7","volume":"71","author":"Alstadhaug","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2018.01.002_bib0020","series-title":"Prescribing information","author":"Arzerra\u00ae","year":"2016"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2018.01.002_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458516670734","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in two natalizumab-treated stepsisters: an intriguing coincidence","volume":"23","author":"Bacchetta","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mult. Scler."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2018.01.002_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1468-1331.2001.00230.x","article-title":"Chronic lymphocytic leukemia complicated by progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy without apparent immunodepression","volume":"8","author":"Bagnato","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2018.01.002_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e274","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000000274","article-title":"Nonfatal PML in a patient with multiple sclerosis treated with dimethyl fumarate","volume":"3","author":"Baharnoori","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurol. Neuroimmunol. Neuroinflamm."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2018.01.002_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1038\/bmt.2010.221","article-title":"Polyomavirus JC-targeted T-cell therapy for progressive multiple leukoencephalopathy in a hematopoietic cell transplantation recipient","volume":"46","author":"Balduzzi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transplant."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2018.01.002_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24471","article-title":"Progressive neurologic dysfunction in a psoriasis patient treated with dimethyl fumarate","volume":"78","author":"Bartsch","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2018.01.002_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e52208","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0052208","article-title":"Natalizumab exerts direct signaling capacity and supports a pro-inflammatory phenotype in some patients with multiple sclerosis","volume":"7","author":"Benkert","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2018.01.002_bib0055","series-title":"Prescribing information","author":"Benlysta\u00ae","year":"2017"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2018.01.002_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1559","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.10599","article-title":"Epilepsia partialis continua in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: a motor cortex isolation syndrome","volume":"18","author":"Berciano","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2018.01.002_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.3109\/13550289809113482","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in patients with HIV infection","volume":"4","author":"Berger","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Neurovirol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2018.01.002_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e33","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2012.47.5194","article-title":"Unusual case of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy after allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation","volume":"32","author":"Berger","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2018.01.002_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2017.01.006","article-title":"Classifying PML risk with disease modifying therapies","volume":"12","author":"Berger","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mult. Scler. Relat. Disord."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2018.01.002_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1340","DOI":"10.3109\/10428194.2012.740669","article-title":"Development of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in a patient with non-Hodgkin lymphoma 13 years after treatment with cladribine","volume":"54","author":"Berghoff","year":"2013","journal-title":"Leuk. Lymphoma"},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2018.01.002_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1080\/13550280390195306","article-title":"Role of the environment in the transmission of JC virus","volume":"9","author":"Bofill-Mas","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Neurovirol."},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2018.01.002_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10290","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.75.21.10290-10299.2001","article-title":"Potential transmission of human polyomaviruses through the gastrointestinal tract after exposure to virions or viral DNA","volume":"75","author":"Bofill-Mas","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"issue":"Pt. 5","key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2018.01.002_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1044","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.028571-0","article-title":"Serological evidence of vertical transmission of JC and BK polyomaviruses in humans","volume":"92","author":"Boldorini","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2018.01.002_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-008-0857-x","article-title":"Infratentorial progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in a patient treated with fludarabine and rituximab","volume":"29","author":"Bonavita","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2018.01.002_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2016.03.005","article-title":"Re-evaluating the incidence of natalizumab-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy","volume":"8","author":"Borchardt","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mult. Scler. Relat. Disord."},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2018.01.002_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2000","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e318259e210","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in a patient with transitory lymphopenia","volume":"78","author":"Chabwine","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2018.01.002_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24148","article-title":"JC virus reactivation during prolonged natalizumab monotherapy for multiple sclerosis","volume":"75","author":"Chalkias","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2018.01.002_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1086\/653823","article-title":"Human polyomavirus JC (JCV) infection of human B lymphocytes: a possible mechanism for JCV transmigration across the blood-brain barrier","volume":"202","author":"Chapagain","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2018.01.002_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0904267","article-title":"Asymptomatic reactivation of JC virus in patients treated with natalizumab","volume":"361","author":"Chen","year":"2009","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"36","key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2018.01.002_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e759","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2010.30.7447","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy with occult Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia","volume":"28","author":"Chiarchiaro","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2018.01.002_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2013.01.010","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in an immunocompetent patient","volume":"326","author":"Christakis","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Sci."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2018.01.002_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1007\/s002779900149","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy following oral fludarabine treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia","volume":"79","author":"Cid","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann. Hematol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2018.01.002_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1156","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurol.2011.103","article-title":"Rituximab-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"68","author":"Clifford","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch. Neurol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2018.01.002_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1","DOI":"10.3816\/CLML.2010.n.009","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: a report of three cases and review of the literature","volume":"10","author":"D'Souza","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin. Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2018.01.002_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-014-0114-4","article-title":"Whole genome sequencing reveals a chromosome 9p deletion causing DOCK8 deficiency in an adult diagnosed with hyper IgE syndrome who developed progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy","volume":"35","author":"Day-Williams","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Clin. Immunol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2018.01.002_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2007.09.012","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy as first manifestation of sarcoidosis","volume":"110","author":"De Raedt","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin. Neurol. Neurosurg."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2018.01.002_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0129694","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0129694","article-title":"IFN-gamma inhibits JC virus replication in glial cells by suppressing T-antigen expression","volume":"10","author":"De-Simone","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2018.01.002_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2013.02.002","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and idiopathic CD4 lymphocytopenia","volume":"327","author":"Delgado-Alvarado","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Sci."},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2018.01.002_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11918","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.77.22.11918-11926.2003","article-title":"Low frequency of cytotoxic T lymphocytes against the novel HLA-A*0201-restricted JC virus epitope VP1(p36) in patients with proven or possible progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy","volume":"77","author":"Du Pasquier","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2018.01.002_bib0180","first-page":"318","article-title":"JCV-specific cellular immune response correlates with a favorable clinical outcome in HIV-infected individuals with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy","volume":"7","author":"Du Pasquier","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Neurovirol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2018.01.002_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2015.00241","article-title":"B cells and progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: search for the missing link","volume":"6","author":"Durali","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2018.01.002_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1086\/597126","article-title":"Prevalence of polyomavirus BK and JC infection and replication in 400 healthy blood donors","volume":"199","author":"Egli","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"issue":"Pt. 4","key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2018.01.002_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-79-4-789","article-title":"Human polyomavirus JC control region variants in persistently infected CNS and kidney tissue","volume":"79","author":"Elsner","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2018.01.002_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1086\/595299","article-title":"Incidence, clinical presentation, and outcome of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in HIV-infected patients during the highly active antiretroviral therapy era: a nationwide cohort study","volume":"199","author":"Engsig","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2018.01.002_bib0205","series-title":"Prescribing information","author":"Entyvio\u00ae","year":"2014"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2018.01.002_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1657","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc1211805","article-title":"PML in a patient treated with fumaric acid","volume":"368","author":"Ermis","year":"2013","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2018.01.002_bib0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1668","DOI":"10.1038\/bmt.2010.33","article-title":"Atypical presentation of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in a multiple myeloma patient after auto-SCT successfully treated with combination therapy","volume":"45","author":"Fianchi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transplant."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2018.01.002_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3225","DOI":"10.1002\/art.24906","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy following rituximab treatment in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"60","author":"Fleischmann","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2018.01.002_bib0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2006.10.011","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in a haploidentical stem cell transplant recipient: a clinical, neuroradiological and virological response after treatment with risperidone","volume":"74","author":"Focosi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Antiviral Res."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2018.01.002_bib0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2014.63","article-title":"JC virus in CD34+ and CD19+ cells in patients with multiple sclerosis treated with natalizumab","volume":"71","author":"Frohman","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2018.01.002_bib0235","series-title":"Prescribing information","author":"Gazyva\u00ae","year":"2016"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2018.01.002_bib0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2009.187666","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in individuals with minimal or occult immunosuppression","volume":"81","author":"Gheuens","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2018.01.002_bib0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7256","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02506-10","article-title":"Role of CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses against JC virus in the outcome of patients with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) and PML with immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome","volume":"85","author":"Gheuens","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2018.01.002_bib0250","series-title":"Prescribibg information","author":"Gilenya\u00ae","year":"2016"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2018.01.002_bib0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2009.190652","article-title":"Mefloquine in the treatment of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy","volume":"82","author":"Gofton","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2018.01.002_bib0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1486","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V99.4.1486","article-title":"Unusual viral infections (progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and cytomegalovirus disease) after high-dose chemotherapy with autologous blood stem cell rescue and peritransplantation rituximab","volume":"99","author":"Goldberg","year":"2002","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2018.01.002_bib0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1007\/s00282-999-0183-7","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalitis (PML) in three patients treated with standard-dose fludarabine (FAMP)","volume":"41","author":"Gonzalez","year":"1999","journal-title":"Hematol. Cell Ther."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2018.01.002_bib0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22545","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"57","author":"Govindappa","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2018.01.002_bib0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2008.07.091","article-title":"What lies beneath the tent? JC-virus cerebellar granule cell neuronopathy complicating sarcoidosis","volume":"16","author":"Granot","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Clin. Neurosci."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2018.01.002_bib0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1007\/s13365-016-0459-y","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in a patient without apparent immunosuppression","volume":"22","author":"Grewal","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Neurovirol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2018.01.002_bib0285","first-page":"67","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in an immunocompetent patient: a case report","volume":"17","author":"Gupta","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurol. Asia"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2018.01.002_bib0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1007\/s13760-015-0532-y","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy mimicking glioma in a patient with idiopathic CD4 lymphocytopenia","volume":"116","author":"Gupta","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Neurol. Belg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2018.01.002_bib0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1961","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1202490","article-title":"Antagonizing the alphbeta1 integrin, but not alpha4beta7, inhibits leukocytic infiltration of the central nervous system in rhesus monkey experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis","author":"Haanstra","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2018.01.002_bib0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E20","DOI":"10.1086\/318120","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and idiopathic CD4 + lymphocytopenia: a case report and review of reported cases","volume":"31","author":"Haider","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2018.01.002_bib0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6781","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.174.11.6781","article-title":"Regulation of IFN-gamma production by B effector 1 cells: essential roles for T-bet and the IFN-gamma receptor","volume":"174","author":"Harris","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2018.01.002_bib0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2015.00216","article-title":"Is there a (host) genetic predisposition to progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy?","volume":"6","author":"Hatchwell","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2018.01.002_bib0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e203","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2012.43.8150","article-title":"Regression of liver metastases after treatment with oxaliplatin\/capecitabine and development of a progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in a patient with advanced thymoma","volume":"31","author":"Heine","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2018.01.002_bib0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6055","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00131-13","article-title":"Immunological hallmarks of JC virus replication in multiple sclerosis patients on long-term natalizumab therapy","volume":"87","author":"Hendel-Chavez","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2018.01.002_bib0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-002-0458-3","article-title":"Multifocal progressive leukoencephalopathy occurring after refractory anemia and multiple infectious disorders consecutive to severe lymphopenia","volume":"81","author":"Hequet","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann. Hematol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2018.01.002_bib0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.3109\/10428194.2011.608446","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy after treatment with rituximab, fludarabine and cyclophosphamide in a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia","volume":"53","author":"Herold","year":"2012","journal-title":"Leuk. Lymphoma"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2018.01.002_bib0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI0214047","article-title":"Functional selectin ligands mediating human CD34(+) cell interactions with bone marrow endothelium are enhanced postnatally","volume":"110","author":"Hidalgo","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2018.01.002_bib0340","first-page":"2","article-title":"Progressive multi-focal leukoencephalopathy as a rare lethal complication in untreated sarcoidosis","volume":"201","author":"Hohlfeld","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2018.01.002_bib0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.143.5.673","article-title":"Disseminated cutaneous Kaposi sarcoma and progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in a patient with idiopathic CD4+ T lymphocytopenia","volume":"143","author":"Inhoff","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch. Dermatol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2018.01.002_bib0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.64.6.788","article-title":"An unusual course of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in a patient with idiopathic CD4+ T lymphocytopenia","volume":"64","author":"Iwase","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2018.01.002_bib0355","series-title":"Prescribing information","author":"Jakafi\u00ae","year":"2016"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2018.01.002_bib0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24574","article-title":"Mechanisms of immune escape in central nervous system infection with neurotropic JC virus variant","volume":"79","author":"Jelcic","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2018.01.002_bib0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197807","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/197807","article-title":"Polyomavirus JC in the context of immunosuppression: a series of adaptive, DNA replication-driven recombination events in the development of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy","volume":"2013","author":"Johnson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. Dev. Immunol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2018.01.002_bib0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000363","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000363","article-title":"Seroepidemiology of human polyomaviruses","volume":"5","author":"Kean","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2018.01.002_bib0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1789.2011.01254.x","article-title":"JC virus granular neuronopathy and rhombencephalic progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: case report and review of the literature","volume":"32","author":"Keith","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuropathology"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2018.01.002_bib0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3804","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2008.17.3047","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in a patient with relapsed acute myelogenous leukemia","volume":"26","author":"Kesari","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2018.01.002_bib0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bmt.1705548","article-title":"Two cases of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation and a review of the literature","volume":"39","author":"Kharfan-Dabaja","year":"2007","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transplant."},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2018.01.002_bib0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2509","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.49.3227","article-title":"Mefloquine treatment in a patient suffering from progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy after umbilical cord blood transplant","volume":"49","author":"Kishida","year":"2010","journal-title":"Intern. Med."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2018.01.002_bib0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2359","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.32.10.2359-2363.1994","article-title":"Transmission of the human polyomavirus JC virus occurs both within the family and outside the family","volume":"32","author":"Kitamura","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2018.01.002_bib0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1255","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.35.5.1255-1257.1997","article-title":"Persistent JC virus (JCV) infection is demonstrated by continuous shedding of the same JCV strains","volume":"35","author":"Kitamura","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2018.01.002_bib0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3483","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.75.7.3483-3487.2001","article-title":"JC virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes in individuals with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy","volume":"75","author":"Koralnik","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2018.01.002_bib0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.168.1.499","article-title":"Association of prolonged survival in HLA-A2+ progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy patients with a CTL response specific for a commonly recognized JC virus epitope","volume":"168","author":"Koralnik","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2018.01.002_bib0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1111\/cei.12261","article-title":"Long-term follow-up of peripheral lymphocyte subsets in a cohort of multiple sclerosis patients treated with natalizumab","volume":"176","author":"Koudriavtseva","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Immunol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2018.01.002_bib0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000267325.06000.d9","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy after rituximab in a case of non-Hodgkin lymphoma","volume":"69","author":"Kranick","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2018.01.002_bib0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1448","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.33.6.1448-1451.1995","article-title":"Parent-to-child transmission is relatively common in the spread of the human polyomavirus JC virus","volume":"33","author":"Kunitake","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2018.01.002_bib0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1510","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000183064.10227.b5","article-title":"Sustained recovery of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy after treatment with IL-2","volume":"65","author":"Kunschner","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2018.01.002_bib0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1007\/s13365-015-0340-4","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in common variable immunodeficiency: mitigated course under mirtazapine and mefloquine","volume":"21","author":"Kurmann","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Neurovirol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2018.01.002_bib0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-422X-11-158","article-title":"Viral miRNAs in plasma and urine divulge JC polyomavirus infection","volume":"11","author":"Lagatie","year":"2014","journal-title":"Virol. J."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2018.01.002_bib0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1118","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2010.09896.x","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy in a patient with Sezary syndrome","volume":"163","author":"Le Roux-Villet","year":"2010","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2018.01.002_bib0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2009.09.014","article-title":"Effective immune restoration after immunosuppressant discontinuation in a lupus patient presenting progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy","volume":"287","author":"Lefevre","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2018.01.002_bib0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-014-7620-4","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy after interferon beta-1a monotherapy","volume":"262","author":"Lehmann","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2018.01.002_bib0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672126","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/672126","article-title":"Antilymphocyte antibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus: association with disease activity and lymphopenia","volume":"2014","author":"Li","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Immunol. Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2018.01.002_bib0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1302848","article-title":"Acute and chronic B cell depletion disrupts CD4+ and CD8+ T cell homeostasis and expansion during acute viral infection in mice","volume":"193","author":"Lykken","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2018.01.002_bib0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1634\/stemcells.18-1-10","article-title":"T-cell immunodeficiency following cytotoxic antineoplastic therapy: a review","volume":"18","author":"Mackall","year":"2000","journal-title":"Stem Cells"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2018.01.002_bib0475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V96.3.864","article-title":"Successful in vivo purging of CD34-containing peripheral blood harvests in mantle cell and indolent lymphoma: evidence for a role of both chemotherapy and rituximab infusion","volume":"96","author":"Magni","year":"2000","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"Suppl. 2","key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2018.01.002_bib0480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S3","DOI":"10.3949\/ccjm.78.s2.02","article-title":"History and current concepts in the pathogenesis of PML","volume":"78","author":"Major","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cleve Clin. J. Med."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2018.01.002_bib0485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1080\/13550280802356837","article-title":"Rearrangement of the JC virus regulatory region sequence in the bone marrow of a patient with rheumatoid arthritis and progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy","volume":"14","author":"Marzocchetti","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Neurovirol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2018.01.002_bib0490","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.22408","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in transplant recipients","volume":"70","author":"Mateen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2018.01.002_bib0495","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1007\/s13365-011-0045-2","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy associated with isolated CD8+ T-lymphocyte deficiency mimicking tumefactive MS","volume":"17","author":"McGuire","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Neurovirol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2018.01.002_bib0500","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2014.04.032","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in a patient with pre-clinical primary biliary cirrhosis","volume":"123","author":"Meister","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Neurol. Neurosurg."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2018.01.002_bib0505","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2783","DOI":"10.1002\/art.38107","article-title":"Rituximab-induced T cell depletion in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: association with clinical response","volume":"65","author":"Melet","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2018.01.002_bib0510","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e213","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000000213","article-title":"Interleukin-7 treatment of PML in a patient with idiopathic lymphocytopenia","volume":"3","author":"Miskin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurol. Neuroimmunol. Neuroinflamm."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2018.01.002_bib0515","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3761","DOI":"10.1002\/art.24966","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: a national estimate of frequency in systemic lupus erythematosus and other rheumatic diseases","volume":"60","author":"Molloy","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2018.01.002_bib0520","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1007\/s13365-015-0342-2","article-title":"Spinal cord progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy detected premortem by MRI","volume":"21","author":"Murayi","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Neurovirol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2018.01.002_bib0525","first-page":"7050613","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in an HIV-negative, immunocompetent patient","author":"Nanda","year":"2016","journal-title":"Case Rep. Neurol. Med."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2018.01.002_bib0530","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1936","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-009-5265-5","article-title":"Infratentorial progressive multifocal leukencephalopathy in a patient with pulmonary sarcoidosis","volume":"256","author":"Neeb","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2018.01.002_bib0535","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9071(199707)52:3<243::AID-JMV2>3.0.CO;2-2","article-title":"Detection of archetype and rearranged variants of JC virus in multiple tissues from a pediatric PML patient","volume":"52","author":"Newman","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Med. Virol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2018.01.002_bib0540","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9071(199905)58:1<79::AID-JMV13>3.0.CO;2-V","article-title":"Identification of JC virus variants in multiple tissues of pediatric and adult PML patients","volume":"58","author":"Newman","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Med. Virol."},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2018.01.002_bib0545","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1474","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc1413724","article-title":"PML in a patient without severe lymphocytopenia receiving dimethyl fumarate","volume":"372","author":"Nieuwkamp","year":"2015","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2018.01.002_bib0550","series-title":"Prescribing information","author":"Nulojix\u00ae","year":"2017"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2018.01.002_bib0555","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1080\/13550280390241223","article-title":"Propagation of archetype and nonarchetype JC virus variants in human fetal brain cultures: demonstration of interference activity by archetype JC virus","volume":"9","author":"O'Neill","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Neurovirol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2018.01.002_bib0560","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bmt.1703704","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy after stem cell transplantation, unsuccessfully treated with cidofovir","volume":"30","author":"Osorio","year":"2002","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transplant."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2018.01.002_bib0565","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kem049","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy in a patient with sarcoidosis\u2013successful treatment with cidofovir and mirtazapine","volume":"46","author":"Owczarczyk","year":"2007","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2018.01.002_bib0570","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2697","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkq359","article-title":"A case of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and idiopathic CD4+ lymphocytopenia","volume":"65","author":"Patel","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2018.01.002_bib0575","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-007-0411-6","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: report of three cases in HIV-negative hematological patients and review of literature","volume":"87","author":"Pelosini","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann. Hematol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2018.01.002_bib0580","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5672","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.75.12.5672-5676.2001","article-title":"JC virus regulatory region tandem repeats in plasma and central nervous system isolates correlate with poor clinical outcome in patients with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy","volume":"75","author":"Pfister","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2018.01.002_bib0585","series-title":"Prescribing information","author":"Prograf\u00ae","year":"2015"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2018.01.002_bib0590","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bmt.1701010","article-title":"Successful treatment of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy with low-dose interleukin-2","volume":"20","author":"Przepiorka","year":"1997","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transplant."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2018.01.002_bib0595","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.4103\/0028-3886.60423","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in a patient with idiopathic CD4\u2009+\u2009T lymphocytopenia","volume":"58","author":"Puri","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurol. India"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2018.01.002_bib0600","series-title":"Prescribing information","author":"Rapamune\u00ae","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2018.01.002_bib0605","series-title":"Prescribing information","author":"Raptiva\u00ae","year":"2009"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2018.01.002_bib0610","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1304","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2004.057588","article-title":"Remission of progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy in SLE after treatment with cidofovir: a 4\u2009year follow up","volume":"76","author":"Reilmann","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2018.01.002_bib0615","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e101","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.11259","article-title":"JC papovavirus leukoencephalopathy after first line treatment with CHOP and rituximab","volume":"92","author":"Rey","year":"2007","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2018.01.002_bib0620","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1089\/088922201750251981","article-title":"A phase III study of recombinant human interferon gamma to prevent opportunistic infections in advanced HIV disease","volume":"17","author":"Riddell","year":"2001","journal-title":"AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2018.01.002_bib0625","series-title":"Prescribing information","author":"Rituxan\u00ae","year":"2016"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2018.01.002_bib0630","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.20829","article-title":"Presence, quantitation and characterization of JC virus in the urine of Italian immunocompetent subjects","volume":"79","author":"Rossi","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Med. Virol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2018.01.002_bib0635","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e53","DOI":"10.1086\/500400","article-title":"Long-term remission in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy caused by idiopathic CD4+ T lymphocytopenia: a case report","volume":"42","author":"Rueger","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2018.01.002_bib0640","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.3109\/10428190009060332","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy with concurrent Richter's syndrome","volume":"38","author":"Saad","year":"2000","journal-title":"Leuk. Lymphoma"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2018.01.002_bib0645","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.54.2308","article-title":"Rituximab-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy derived from non-Hodgkin lymphoma: neuropathological findings and results of mefloquine treatment","volume":"54","author":"Sano","year":"2015","journal-title":"Intern. Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2018.01.002_bib0650","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1080\/10428190290006297","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in chronic lymphocytic leukemia after treatment with fludarabine","volume":"43","author":"Saumoy","year":"2002","journal-title":"Leuk. Lymphoma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2018.01.002_bib0655","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-2776(07)96002-2","article-title":"Regulation of interferon-gamma during innate and adaptive immune responses","volume":"96","author":"Schoenborn","year":"2007","journal-title":"Adv. Immunol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2018.01.002_bib0660","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e195","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000000195","article-title":"Therapy with natalizumab is associated with high JCV seroconversion and rising JCV index values","volume":"3","author":"Schwab","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurol. Neuroimmunol. Neuroinflamm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2018.01.002_bib0665","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-2966-5_10","article-title":"In vitro Th differentiation protocol","volume":"1344","author":"Sekiya","year":"2016","journal-title":"Methods Mol. Biol."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2018.01.002_bib0670","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203308089435","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy associated with lupus and methotrexate overdose","volume":"17","author":"Shprecher","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2018.01.002_bib0675","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.20858","article-title":"Immune surveillance in multiple sclerosis patients treated with natalizumab","volume":"59","author":"Stuve","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2018.01.002_bib0680","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3152","article-title":"Expanding roles for CD4(+) T cells in immunity to viruses","volume":"12","author":"Swain","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2018.01.002_bib0685","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1789.2008.00981.x","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy showing extensive spinal cord involvement in a patient with lymphocytopenia","volume":"29","author":"Takeda","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuropathology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2018.01.002_bib0690","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1086\/597117","article-title":"Detection of JC virus DNA and proteins in the bone marrow of HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients: implications for viral latency and neurotropic transformation","volume":"199","author":"Tan","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2018.01.002_bib0695","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e318225ab3f","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in a patient without immunodeficiency","volume":"77","author":"Tan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2018.01.002_bib0700","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31822e55e7","article-title":"Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in natalizumab-associated PML","volume":"77","author":"Tan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2018.01.002_bib0705","series-title":"Prescribing information","author":"Tecfidera\u00ae","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2018.01.002_bib0710","series-title":"Important drug warning","author":"Tysabri\u00ae","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2018.01.002_bib0715","series-title":"Prescribing information","author":"Tysabri\u00ae","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2018.01.002_bib0720","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-422X-7-256","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in a patient without apparent immunosuppression","volume":"7","author":"Vaklavas","year":"2010","journal-title":"Virol. J."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2018.01.002_bib0725","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.279","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in an immunocompetent patient","volume":"3","author":"van der Kolk","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann. Clin. Transl. Neurol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2018.01.002_bib0730","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1246","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfh756","article-title":"High anti-double-stranded DNA antibodies and progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"20","author":"Vandecasteele","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nephrol. Dial. Transplant."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2018.01.002_bib0735","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1086\/520514","article-title":"Mirtazapine in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy associated with polycythemia vera","volume":"196","author":"Verma","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2018.01.002_bib0740","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-006-5103-y","article-title":"Improvement of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy after cidofovir therapy in a patient with a destructive polyarthritis","volume":"35","author":"Viallard","year":"2007","journal-title":"Infection"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2018.01.002_bib0745","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-008-0567-8","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leuconcephalopathy and autoimmune haemolytic anemia in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia: more than a fortuitous combination?","volume":"88","author":"Visco","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann. Hematol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2018.01.002_bib0750","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.62.1.50","article-title":"Infectious CNS disease as a differential diagnosis in systemic rheumatic diseases: three case reports and a review of the literature","volume":"62","author":"Warnatz","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2018.01.002_bib0755","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc1302135","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy associated with ruxolitinib","volume":"369","author":"Wathes","year":"2013","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2018.01.002_bib0760","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.1004","article-title":"Cellular and humoral immune response in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy","volume":"49","author":"Weber","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2018.01.002_bib0765","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.3109\/13550280009013156","article-title":"JC virus binds to primary human glial cells, tonsillar stromal cells, and B-lymphocytes, but not to T lymphocytes","volume":"6","author":"Wei","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Neurovirol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2018.01.002_bib0770","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5726","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.66.10.5726-5734.1992","article-title":"JC virus DNA is present in many human brain samples from patients without progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy","volume":"66","author":"White","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2018.01.002_bib0775","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"826","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/41.7.826","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy isolated to the posterior fossa in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"41","author":"White","year":"2002","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2018.01.002_bib0780","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2009.10.005","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy developed in incomplete Heerfordt syndrome, a rare manifestation of sarcoidosis, without steroid therapy responding to cidofovir","volume":"112","author":"Yagi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. Neurol. Neurosurg."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2018.01.002_bib0785","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2422","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.65.5.2422-2428.1991","article-title":"Sequence rearrangement in JC virus DNAs molecularly cloned from immunosuppressed renal transplant patients","volume":"65","author":"Yogo","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2018.01.002_bib0790","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1007\/s12185-008-0168-2","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in a patient with B-cell lymphoma during rituximab-containing chemotherapy: case report and review of the literature","volume":"88","author":"Yokoyama","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Hematol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2018.01.002_bib0795","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1007\/s12185-013-1471-0","article-title":"Significant improvement following combination treatment with mefloquine and mirtazapine in a patient with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy after allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation","volume":"99","author":"Yoshida","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Hematol."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2018.01.002_bib0800","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2015.10.028","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy developing after liver transplantation showing marked neurological symptom improvement and arrest of further deterioration of imaging findings: a case report","volume":"359","author":"Yoshida","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Sci."},{"issue":"28","key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2018.01.002_bib0805","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e503","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2009.26.8078","article-title":"Prolonged stability of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia","volume":"28","author":"Zhang","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."}],"container-title":["Immunobiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0171298518300020?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0171298518300020?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]],"date-time":"2025-09-30T16:43:59Z","timestamp":1759250639000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0171298518300020"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,6]]},"references-count":161,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6-7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S0171298518300020"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.imbio.2018.01.002","relation":{},"ISSN":["0171-2985"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0171-2985","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"T cell deficiencies as a common risk factor for drug associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Immunobiology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.imbio.2018.01.002","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2018 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier GmbH.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}