{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T18:15:54Z","timestamp":1783188954469,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]],"date-time":"2026-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779408000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":21,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002528","name":"Kyungdong University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["KDU\/RG\/FAHS\/2021\/004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KDU\/RG\/FAHS\/2021\/004"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002528","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Immunobiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2026.153194","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]],"date-time":"2026-05-26T16:10:38Z","timestamp":1779811838000},"page":"153194","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Highlighting the changes of the Lymphocyte-to-Monocyte ratio in B-cell non-Hodgkin Lymphoma with the treatment and its association with the FLT3\/FLT3LG system"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"231","author":[{"given":"C.K.","family":"Nandasena","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.W.D.C.C.","family":"Jayathilake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H.A.S.G.","family":"Dharmarathne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Kaluarachchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Suresh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.D.","family":"De Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I.C.","family":"Perera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.U.","family":"Kottahachchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2026.153194_bb0005","series-title":"T-cell defect in diffuse large B-cell lymphomas involves expansion of myeloid-derived suppressor cells key points","author":"Azzaoui","year":"2016"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2026.153194_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.21406","article-title":"Role and prognostic significance of the Ki-67 index in non-Hodgkin\u2019s lymphoma","volume":"84","author":"Broyde","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am. J. Hematol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2026.153194_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers17152517","article-title":"Targeted Therapies and Immunotherapies for Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma","author":"Chaudhari","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2026.153194_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.71609","article-title":"Burden of Middle-Aged and Elderly Patients With Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma From 1990 to 2021: A Systematic Analysis Based on the Global Burden of Disease 2021","volume":"15","author":"Chen","year":"2026","journal-title":"Cancer Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2026.153194_bb0025","first-page":"13","article-title":"The epidemiological patterns of non-Hodgkin lymphoma: global estimates of disease burden, risk factors, and temporal trends","author":"Chu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2026.153194_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2025.07.014","article-title":"Lymphomas: ESMO clinical practice guideline for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up","author":"Eyre","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ann. Oncol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2026.153194_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3407","DOI":"10.7150\/jca.50552","article-title":"Prognostic value of peripheral blood lymphocyte\/ monocyte ratio in lymphoma","volume":"12","author":"Gao","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2026.153194_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1532","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2002-02-0492","article-title":"The roles of FLT3 in hematopoiesis and leukemia","author":"Gary Gilliland","year":"2002","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2026.153194_bb0045","first-page":"64","article-title":"An overview on the role of FLT3-tyrosine kinase receptor in acute myeloid leukemia: Biology and treatment","author":"Grafone","year":"2012","journal-title":"Oncol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2026.153194_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1038\/s41416-018-0333-1","article-title":"Immunosuppression mediated by myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) during tumour progression","author":"Groth","year":"2019","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2026.153194_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2017.28","article-title":"Monocyte differentiation and antigen-presenting functions","author":"Jakubzick","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2026.153194_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.2100024","article-title":"A Novel CD135+ Subset of Mouse Monocytes with a Distinct Differentiation Pathway and Antigen-Presenting Properties","volume":"209","author":"Kamio","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2026.153194_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2017.03.013","article-title":"Emergency admission and survival from aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma: A report from the UK\u2019s population-based Haematological Malignancy Research Network","volume":"78","author":"Kane","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cancer"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2026.153194_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1740","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.24824","article-title":"Flt3 ligand induces monocyte proliferation and enhances the function of monocyte-derived dendritic cells in vitro","volume":"230","author":"Kim","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Cell. Physiol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2026.153194_bb0075","first-page":"1262","article-title":"Increasing incidence of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma and occurrence of second primary malignancies in South Korea: 10-year follow-up using the Korean national health information database","volume":"52","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancer Res. Treat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2026.153194_bb0080","article-title":"Retracted: FLT3\u00a0: beyond good and evil","author":"Lagunas-Rangel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hematol. Oncol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2026.153194_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1002\/jcla.21791","article-title":"Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio Positively Correlates to Age in Healthy Population","volume":"29","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Clin. Lab. Anal."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2026.153194_bb0090","article-title":"Abnormal proportions and functions of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in peripheral blood of patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma","volume":"25","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2026.153194_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-020-01018-6","article-title":"How we treat mature B-cell neoplasms (indolent B-cell lymphomas)","author":"Lumish","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Hematol. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2026.153194_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marhelava K, Jakubowska J, Pastorczak A, Firczuk M. \u201cMonocytes in B-Cell malignancies: their role in disease progression and therapy resistance\u201d. Curr. Oncol. Rep.; 2025. p. 1492\u2013506. Springer doi:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11912-025-01732-9 (PubMed PMID: 41219641).","DOI":"10.1007\/s11912-025-01732-9"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2026.153194_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-31700-x","article-title":"Lymphocyte to monocyte ratio predicts survival and is epigenetically linked to miR-222-3p and miR-26b-5p in diffuse large B cell lymphoma","volume":"13","author":"Metwally","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2026.153194_bb0110","series-title":"Serum Flt3 ligand is biomarker of progenitor cell mass and prognosis in acute myeloid leukemia [Internet]","author":"Milne","year":"2019"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2026.153194_bb0115","first-page":"489","article-title":"Global patterns and trends in the incidence of non-Hodgkin lymphoma","volume":"30","author":"Miranda-Filho","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer Causes Control"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2026.153194_bb0120","first-page":"320","article-title":"Normal values of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio among Iranian population: Results of Tabari cohort","volume":"10","author":"Moosazadeh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Caspian J. Intern. Med."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2026.153194_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5967","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201801733R","article-title":"CD11b+Ly6G+ myeloid-derived suppressor cells promote liver regeneration in a murine model of major hepatectomy","volume":"33","author":"Nachmany","year":"2019","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2026.153194_bb0130","article-title":"Insights into the tumor microenvironment of B cell lymphoma","author":"Ng","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Exp. Clin. Cancer Res.. BioMed. Central Ltd"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2026.153194_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/sji.12883","article-title":"Pattern of human monocyte subpopulations in health and disease","author":"O\u017ca\u0144ska","year":"2020","journal-title":"Scand. J. Immunol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2026.153194_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1244","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2016.148809","article-title":"Non-hodgkin lymphoma in the developing world: Review of 4539 cases from the international Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Classification Project","volume":"101","author":"Perry","year":"2016","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2026.153194_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2025.1579930","article-title":"Neutrophil\u2013lymphocyte ratio and subclinical atherosclerosis in essential hypertensive patients","volume":"12","author":"Petramala","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Cardiovasc. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2026.153194_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2018.00147","article-title":"The role of macrophage\/B-cell interactions in the pathophysiology of B-cell lymphomas","author":"Pham","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2026.153194_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2752","DOI":"10.1080\/10428194.2025.2566980","article-title":"Prognostic relevance of the neutrophil\/lymphocyte ratio in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis and dose\u2013response evidence","volume":"66","author":"Pichardo-Rodriguez","year":"2025","journal-title":"Leuk. Lymphoma"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2026.153194_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3655","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2004-02-0412","article-title":"RelB regulates human dendritic cell subset development by promoting monocyte intermediates","volume":"104","author":"Platzer","year":"2004","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2026.153194_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1080\/10428190500175122","article-title":"Kinetics of plasma FLT3 ligand concentration in hematopoietic stem cell transplanted patients","volume":"47","author":"Prat","year":"2006","journal-title":"Leuk. Lymphoma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2026.153194_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/346084","article-title":"Diagnostic workup of small B cell lymphomas: A laboratory perspective","volume":"2012","author":"Rizzo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lymphoma"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2026.153194_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3470","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1300058","article-title":"Cutting Edge: Flt3 Ligand Mediates STAT3-Independent Expansion but STAT3-Dependent Activation of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells","volume":"192","author":"Rosborough","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"issue":"34","key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2026.153194_bb0180","article-title":"Cutoff point of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio for predicting survival in nasopharyngeal carcinoma","volume":"100","author":"Setakornnukul","year":"2021","journal-title":"Medicine (United States)"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2026.153194_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-067994","article-title":"Sex differences in non-communicable disease multimorbidity among adults aged 45 years or older in India","volume":"13","author":"Sharma","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2026.153194_bb0190","author":"Shurin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2026.153194_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2020.10.034","article-title":"Association between neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio and carotid artery wall thickness in healthy pregnant women","volume":"255","author":"Sonaglioni","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2026.153194_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1673","DOI":"10.1038\/s41379-021-00817-7","article-title":"Myeloid\/lymphoid neoplasms with FLT3 rearrangement","volume":"34","author":"Tang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mod. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2026.153194_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers7020736","article-title":"Lymphoma: immune evasion strategies","author":"Upadhyay","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2026.153194_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0195042","article-title":"Optimal cut-off for neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio: fact or fantasy? A prospective cohort study in metastatic cancer patients","volume":"13","author":"Vano","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2026.153194_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1053\/j.seminhematol.2023.11.004","article-title":"Epidemiology and etiology of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma","volume":"60","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Semin. Hematol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2026.153194_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1111\/ejh.12221","article-title":"Peripheral blood absolute lymphocyte\/monocyte ratio as a useful prognostic factor in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in the rituximab era","volume":"92","author":"Watanabe","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. J. Haematol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2026.153194_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.3109\/10428194.2011.637211","article-title":"The absolute monocyte count is associated with overall survival in patients newly diagnosed with follicular lymphoma","volume":"53","author":"Wilcox","year":"2012","journal-title":"Leuk. Lymphoma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2026.153194_bb0230","series-title":"News in Physiological Sciences","first-page":"247","article-title":"Role in Control of Hematopoietic and Immune Functions of the Bone Marrow","author":"Wodnar-Filipowicz","year":"2003"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2026.153194_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-025-14220-x","article-title":"FLT3LG modulates the infiltration of immune cells and enhances the efficacy of anti-PD-1 therapy in lung adenocarcinoma","volume":"25","author":"Zhao","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"}],"container-title":["Immunobiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0171298526000409?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0171298526000409?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T17:21:28Z","timestamp":1783185688000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0171298526000409"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S0171298526000409"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.imbio.2026.153194","relation":{},"ISSN":["0171-2985"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0171-2985","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Highlighting the changes of the Lymphocyte-to-Monocyte ratio in B-cell non-Hodgkin Lymphoma with the treatment and its association with the FLT3\/FLT3LG system","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Immunobiology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.imbio.2026.153194","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier GmbH.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"153194"}}