{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T16:53:32Z","timestamp":1761843212924},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2-3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,2,1]],"date-time":"2004-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1075593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Immunology Letters"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2003.11.015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,1,2]],"date-time":"2004-01-02T10:29:21Z","timestamp":1073039361000},"page":"171-178","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["IL-15 induces IFN-\u03b2 and iNOS gene expression, and antiviral activity of murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cells"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"91","author":[{"given":"Ge","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qingzhu","family":"Zhai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dustin","family":"Schaffner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chris","family":"Bradburne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aiguo","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alice","family":"Hayford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Serguei","family":"Popov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edith","family":"Grene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charlie","family":"Bailey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ken","family":"Alibek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2003.11.015_BIB1","first-page":"115","volume":"45","author":"Herbein","year":"1997","journal-title":"Pathol. Biol. (Paris)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2003.11.015_BIB2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.19.1.65","volume":"19","author":"Guidotti","year":"2001","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2003.11.015_BIB3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1038\/nri888","volume":"2","author":"Katze","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2003.11.015_BIB4","unstructured":"Knipe DM, Howley PM, editors. Fundamental Virolgy, 4th ed., Philadelphia: Lippincott William & Wilkings, 2001. p. 321\u201352."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2003.11.015_BIB5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.1995.tb00090.x","volume":"148","author":"van den Broek","year":"1995","journal-title":"Immunol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2003.11.015_BIB6","first-page":"349","volume":"41","author":"Kontsek","year":"1997","journal-title":"Acta Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2003.11.015_BIB7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.15.1.323","volume":"15","author":"MacMicking","year":"1997","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2003.11.015_BIB8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1445","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7690156","volume":"261","author":"Karupiah","year":"1993","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2003.11.015_BIB9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5227","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.71.7.5227-5235.1997","volume":"71","author":"Lin","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2003.11.015_BIB10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"910","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.69.2.910-915.1995","volume":"69","author":"Harris","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2003.11.015_BIB11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1016\/S1286-4579(02)01583-6","volume":"4","author":"Garcia-Sastre","year":"2002","journal-title":"Microbes Infect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2003.11.015_BIB12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V97.1.14","volume":"97","author":"Fehniger","year":"2001","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2003.11.015_BIB13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11445","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.200363097","volume":"97","author":"Marks-Konczalik","year":"2000","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2003.11.015_BIB14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5146","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.081080298","volume":"98","author":"Perera","year":"2001","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2003.11.015_BIB15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.2000.0455","volume":"275","author":"Tsunobuchi","year":"2000","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2003.11.015_BIB16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4473","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.163.8.4473","volume":"163","author":"Fawaz","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2003.11.015_BIB17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1724","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/93.22.1724","volume":"93","author":"Sharif-Askari","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Natl. Cancer Inst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2003.11.015_BIB18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/S1286-4579(00)00329-4","volume":"2","author":"Yoshikai","year":"2000","journal-title":"Microbes Infect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2003.11.015_BIB19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2941","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.159.6.2941","volume":"159","author":"Alleva","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2003.11.015_BIB20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.66.1.145-150.1998","volume":"66","author":"Vazquez","year":"1998","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2003.11.015_BIB21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1177\/096805199600300502","volume":"3","author":"Murphy","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Endotoxin Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2003.11.015_BIB22","unstructured":"Ausubel FM, Brent R, Kingston RE, Moore DD, Seidman JG, Smith JA, Struhl K, editors. Current Protocols in Molecular Biology, USA: Wiley, 1998. p. 16.16.1\u201316.16.5."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2003.11.015_BIB23","unstructured":"Ausubel FM, Brent R, Kingston RE, Moore DD, Seidman JG, Smith JA, Struhl K, editors. Current Protocols in Molecular Biology, USA: Wiley, 1998. p. 16.16.5\u201316.16.6."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2003.11.015_BIB24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.1126\/science.270.5239.1215","volume":"270","author":"Bach","year":"1995","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2003.11.015_BIB25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7054","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.161.12.7054","volume":"161","author":"Broide","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2003.11.015_BIB26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2407","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.141.7.2407","volume":"141","author":"Ding","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2003.11.015_BIB27","first-page":"F718","volume":"269","author":"Kone","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2003.11.015_BIB28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3404","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.74.7.3404-3409.2000","volume":"74","author":"Deonarain","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2003.11.015_BIB29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.1994.1087","volume":"198","author":"Melkova","year":"1994","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2003.11.015_BIB30","unstructured":"Oppenheim JJ, Feldman M, Durum SK, Hirano T, Vilcek J, Nicola NA, editors, Cytokine reference: a compendium of cytokines and other mediators of host defense, New York: Academic Press, 2001. p. 641\u201388."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2003.11.015_BIB31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1006\/smvy.1997.0143","volume":"5","author":"Alcami","year":"1998","journal-title":"Semin. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2003.11.015_BIB32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1016\/S0966-842X(00)01830-8","volume":"8","author":"Alcami","year":"2000","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2003.11.015_BIB33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1138","DOI":"10.1038\/ni729","volume":"2","author":"Ohteki","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2003.11.015_BIB34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3490","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.159.7.3490","volume":"159","author":"Puddu","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2003.11.015_BIB35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-291X(02)02201-5","volume":"297","author":"Yanagita","year":"2002","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2003.11.015_BIB36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-291X(91)91390-X","volume":"179","author":"Lepoivre","year":"1991","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2003.11.015_BIB37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7678","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.70.11.7678-7685.1996","volume":"70","author":"Rolph","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2003.11.015_BIB38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.1996.0141","volume":"217","author":"Rolph","year":"1996","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2003.11.015_BIB39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.81.2.602","volume":"81","author":"Belardelli","year":"1984","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"issue":"Pt 8","key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2003.11.015_BIB40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2203","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-68-8-2203","volume":"68","author":"Belardelli","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2003.11.015_BIB41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7338","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.74.16.7338-7348.2000","volume":"74","author":"Azimi","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2003.11.015_BIB42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4279","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.169.8.4279","volume":"169","author":"Nguyen","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2003.11.015_BIB43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4220","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.164.8.4220","volume":"164","author":"Durbin","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2003.11.015_BIB44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1089\/107999099313451","volume":"19","author":"Tovey","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Interferon Cytokine Res."}],"container-title":["Immunology Letters"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165247803002852?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165247803002852?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,27]],"date-time":"2023-04-27T18:06:19Z","timestamp":1682618779000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0165247803002852"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,2]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2-3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S0165247803002852"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.imlet.2003.11.015","relation":{},"ISSN":["0165-2478"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0165-2478","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,2]]}}}