{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T07:16:47Z","timestamp":1790147807719,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,1]],"date-time":"2007-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1188604800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Immunology Letters"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2007.06.009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,25]],"date-time":"2007-07-25T07:18:23Z","timestamp":1185347903000},"page":"1-8","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":83,"title":["Plasticity and heterogeneity of lymphoid organs"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"112","author":[{"given":"Reinhard","family":"Pabst","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2007.06.009_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1123497","article-title":"Evidence for a functional second thymus in mice","volume":"312","author":"Terszowski","year":"2006","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2007.06.009_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1330","article-title":"Lymphoid organ development: from ontogeny to neogenesis","volume":"7","author":"Drayton","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2007.06.009_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1054","article-title":"Organogenesis of lymphoid tissues","volume":"3","author":"Mebius","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2007.06.009_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2968","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.173.5.2968","article-title":"Presumptive lymph node organizers are differentially represented in developing mesenteric and peripheral nodes","volume":"173","author":"Cupedo","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2007.06.009_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7580.2006.00650.x","article-title":"Keystones in lymph node development","volume":"209","author":"Blum","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Anat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2007.06.009_bib6","first-page":"300","article-title":"Development and function of secondary and tertiary lymphoid tissues","volume":"37","author":"Eberl","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2007.06.009_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.24.021605.090612","article-title":"Development of human lymphoid cells","volume":"24","author":"Blom","year":"2006","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2007.06.009_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2006.08.004","article-title":"Thymus-homing precursors and the thymic microenvironment","volume":"27","author":"Boehm","year":"2006","journal-title":"Trends Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2007.06.009_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"992","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04850","article-title":"Formation of a functional thymus initiated by a postnatal epithelial progenitor cell","volume":"441","author":"Bleul","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2007.06.009_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"988","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04813","article-title":"Clonal analysis reveals a common progenitor for thymic cortical and medullary epithelium","volume":"441","author":"Rossi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2007.06.009_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1223","article-title":"Cell migration and the control of post-natal T-cell lymphopoiesis in the thymus","volume":"3","author":"Petrie","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2007.06.009_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1293","article-title":"The thymus exports long-lived fully committed T cell precursors that can colonize primary lymphoid organs","volume":"7","author":"Lambolez","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2007.06.009_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1038\/ni0106-9","article-title":"Orchestrated leak provokes a thymus reassessment","volume":"7","author":"Hayday","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2007.06.009_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20050990","article-title":"Many roads, one destination for T cell progenitors","volume":"202","author":"Petrie","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2007.06.009_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441-006-0202-8","article-title":"Development and maturation of thymic dendritic cells during human ontogeny","volume":"325","author":"Savchenko","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2007.06.009_bib16","series-title":"The thymus gland","year":"1981"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2007.06.009_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-82480-7_2","article-title":"Changes of the human thymus during aging","volume":"75","author":"Steinmann","year":"1986","journal-title":"Curr Top Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2007.06.009_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0105-2896.2005.00275.x","article-title":"Insights into thymic aging and regeneration","volume":"205","author":"Taub","year":"2005","journal-title":"Immunol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2007.06.009_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-065X.2003.00068.x","article-title":"Egress: a receptor-regulated step in lymphocyte trafficking","volume":"195","author":"Rosen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Immunol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2007.06.009_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2005.04.011","article-title":"The bone marrow: a nest for migratory memory T cells","volume":"26","author":"di Rosa","year":"2005","journal-title":"Trends Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2007.06.009_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1249","article-title":"Activation of bone marrow-resident memory T cells by circulating, antigen-bearing dendritic cells","volume":"6","author":"Cavanagh","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2007.06.009_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2005.01.008","article-title":"Bone marrow is a major reservoir and site of recruitment for central memory CD8+ T cells","volume":"22","author":"Mazo","year":"2005","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2007.06.009_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1886","article-title":"Competence and competition: the challenge of becoming a longlived plasma cell","volume":"6","author":"Radbruch","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2007.06.009_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1449","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.184.4.1449","article-title":"Identification of novel lymphoid tissues in murine intestinal mucosa where clusters of c-kit+ IL-7R+ Thy1+ lympho-hemopoietic progenitors develop","volume":"184","author":"Kanamori","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2007.06.009_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0105-2896.2005.00282.x","article-title":"Organizing a mucosal defense","volume":"206","author":"Newberry","year":"2005","journal-title":"Immunol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2007.06.009_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200425432","article-title":"Cryptopatches and isolated lymphoid follicles: highly dynamic lymphoid tissues dispensible for the generation of intraepithelial lymphocytes","volume":"35","author":"Pabst","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2007.06.009_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20051474","article-title":"Natural killer cell behavior in lymph nodes revealed by static and real-time imaging","volume":"203","author":"Baj\u00e9noff","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2007.06.009_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20052016","article-title":"Oral tolerance originates in the intestinal immune system and relies on antigen carriage by dendritic cells","volume":"203","author":"Worbs","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2007.06.009_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20060227","article-title":"Mesenteric lymph nodes at the center of immune anatomy","volume":"203","author":"Macpherson","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2007.06.009_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2007.01.007","article-title":"Tipping the gatekeeper: S1P regulation of endothelial barrier function","volume":"28","author":"Rosen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Trends Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2007.06.009_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2004.02.008","article-title":"Setting the stage: an anatomist's view of the immune system","volume":"25","author":"Crivellato","year":"2004","journal-title":"Trends Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2007.06.009_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1615\/CritRevImmunol.v24.i6.40","article-title":"Development and function of the splenic marginal zone","volume":"24","author":"Mebius","year":"2004","journal-title":"Crit Rev Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2007.06.009_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1007\/s00418-006-0210-5","article-title":"The splenic marginal zone in humans and rodents: an enigmatic compartment and its inhabitants","volume":"126","author":"Steiniger","year":"2006","journal-title":"Histochem Cell Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2007.06.009_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1669","article-title":"Structure and function of the spleen","volume":"5","author":"Mebius","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2007.06.009_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-5699(88)91258-3","article-title":"The spleen in lymphocyte migration","volume":"9","author":"Pabst","year":"1988","journal-title":"Immunol Today"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2007.06.009_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1051\/vetres:2006001","article-title":"MALT structure and function in farm animals","volume":"37","author":"Liebler-Tenorio","year":"2006","journal-title":"Vet Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2007.06.009_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3083.2000.00681.x","article-title":"Differences in lymphocyte subsets in the wall of high endothelial venules and the lymphatics of human palatine tonsils","volume":"51","author":"Zidan","year":"2000","journal-title":"Scand J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2007.06.009_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1007\/s004290100210","article-title":"Morphology and immunology of the human palatine tonsil","volume":"204","author":"Nave","year":"2001","journal-title":"Anat Embryol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2007.06.009_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-5699(92)90158-4","article-title":"The role of nasopharyngeal lymphoid tissue","volume":"13","author":"Kuper","year":"1992","journal-title":"Immunol Today"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2007.06.009_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1796","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.168.4.1796","article-title":"Nasal-associated lymphoid tissue is a mucosal inductive site for virus-specific humoral and cellular immune responses","volume":"168","author":"Z\u00fcrcher","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2007.06.009_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2003.02311.x","article-title":"Nasal-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT): frequency and localization in young children","volume":"134","author":"Debertin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2007.06.009_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.6.3.225","article-title":"Number, size and distribution of Peyer's patches in the human small intestine. I. The development of Peyer's patches. II. The effect of age on Peyer's patches","volume":"6","author":"Cornes","year":"1965","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2007.06.009_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1051\/vetres:2006008","article-title":"The sheep and cattle Peyer's patch as a site of B-cell development","volume":"37","author":"Yasuda","year":"2006","journal-title":"Vet Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2007.06.009_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0105-2896.2005.00281.x","article-title":"Development of intestinal M cells","volume":"206","author":"Mach","year":"2005","journal-title":"Immunol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2007.06.009_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4275","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.176.7.4275","article-title":"TLRs regulate the gatekeeping functions of the intestinal follicle-associated epithelium","volume":"176","author":"Chabot","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2007.06.009_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(02)00395-3","article-title":"CD4+CD3\u2212 cells induce Peyer's patch develoment: role of \u03b14\u03b21 integrin activation by CXCR5","volume":"17","author":"Finke","year":"2002","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2007.06.009_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2004.09.005","article-title":"Let's go mucosal: communication on slippery ground","volume":"25","author":"Brandtzaeg","year":"2004","journal-title":"Trends Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2007.06.009_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2005.02139.x","article-title":"Mechanisms of T cell migration to the lung","volume":"35","author":"Wardlaw","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2007.06.009_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2006.08.007","article-title":"Germinal-centre reactions in allergic inflammation","volume":"27","author":"Gould","year":"2006","journal-title":"Trends Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2007.06.009_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2004.00714.x","article-title":"Lymphoid neogenesis in murine cardiac allografts undergoing chronic rejection","volume":"5","author":"Baddoura","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Transpl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2007.06.009_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.69.3.331","article-title":"Lymphoid neogenesis: de novo formation of lymphoid tissue in chronic inflammation through expression of homing chemokines","volume":"69","author":"Hjelmstr\u00f6m","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Leuk Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2007.06.009_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4638","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.170.9.4638","article-title":"Naive T cell recruitment to nonlymphoid tissues: a role for endothelium-expressed CC chemokine ligand 21 in autoimmune disease and lymphoid neogenesis","volume":"170","author":"Weninger","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2007.06.009_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3183","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI28756","article-title":"Inducible bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (iBALT) in patients with pulmonary complications of rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"116","author":"Rangel-Moreno","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2007.06.009_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1340","article-title":"Lymphatic endothelial progenitor cells contribute to de novo lymphangiogenesis in human renal transplants","volume":"12","author":"Kerjaschki","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2007.06.009_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2006.08.003","article-title":"Is defective lymphatic drainage a trigger for lymphoid neogenesis?","volume":"27","author":"Thaunat","year":"2006","journal-title":"Trends Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2007.06.009_bib56","first-page":"413","article-title":"Inducible lymphoid tissues in the adult gut: recapitulation of a fetal developmental pathway?","volume":"5","author":"Eberl","year":"2005","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2007.06.009_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1002\/jlb.67.2.169","article-title":"Homing and adhesion molecules in autoimmune gastritis","volume":"67","author":"Barrett","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Leuk Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2007.06.009_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2249.2002.01984.x","article-title":"Increased expression of mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule-1 (MAdCAM-1) and lymphocyte recruitment in murine gastritis induced by Helicobacter pylori","volume":"130","author":"Hatanaka","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2007.06.009_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5720","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.174.9.5720","article-title":"Adaptive immune responses are dispensable for isolated lymphoid follicle formation: antigen-naive, lymphotoxin-sufficient B lymphocytes drive the formation of mature isolated lymphoid follicles","volume":"174","author":"McDonald","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2007.06.009_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2006.08.022","article-title":"Persistence and responsiveness of immunologic memory in the absence of secondary lymphoid organs","volume":"25","author":"Moyron-Quiroz","year":"2006","journal-title":"Immunity"}],"container-title":["Immunology Letters"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165247807001459?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165247807001459?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,13]],"date-time":"2023-05-13T10:38:55Z","timestamp":1683974335000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0165247807001459"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,9]]},"references-count":60,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S0165247807001459"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.imlet.2007.06.009","relation":{},"ISSN":["0165-2478"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0165-2478","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,9]]}}}